Hybridization Theory in Organic Chemistry recording 4 w.1

These flashcards cover the key concepts of hybridization theory in organic chemistry, including various hybridizations, molecular geometries, bond characteristics, and exceptions.

What theory provides more realistic wave function solutions than Valence Bond Theory in organic chemistry?

Molecular Orbital (MO) theory provides more realistic wave function solutions.

What are the hybridizations for methane (CH4)?

SP3 hybridization.

What geometry and bond angles are associated with SP3 hybridization?

Tetrahedral geometry with 109.5° bond angles.

What type of orbitals are used for sigma bonds?

Hybrid orbitals (SP3, SP2, or SP).

What is the hybridization and geometry of ethene (C2H4)?

SP2 hybridization and trigonal planar geometry with 120° bond angles.

What is the formula for determining hybridization?

Start with SP3 and subtract one P orbital for each pi bond.

What is the hybridization and bond angle of ethyne (C2H2)?

SP hybridization with linear geometry at 180° bond angles.

What is the relationship between S character and bond strength?

Higher S character leads to shorter, stronger bonds.

What is a carbocation?

An electron-deficient carbon with a positive charge that is trigonal planar and SP2 hybridized.

How many bonds does nitrogen typically have?

Nitrogen typically forms 3 bonds and has 1 lone pair.

What hybridization is associated with carbanions?

SP3 hybridization with a lone pair in the hybrid orbital.

What significant exception exists in the role of lone pairs in hybridization as per the notes?

Lone pairs participate in hybridization, but exceptions exist.

Why are molecular formulas not sufficient for understanding structural information?

Molecular formulas do not provide complete structural information, hence isomers can exist.