bone

elastic cartiladges

cartiladge in external ear,

Hyaline cartilages

costal cartiladge,Articular cartilage of a joint

fibrocartildage

Cartilage in intervertebral disc, Pubic symphysis, menisucus,

patellla bone is a

seasmoid bone

long bones

not always lone phalanges

flat bone

sternumn no medullanary cavity

irregular bone

oscoxea sacrum

short bone

carpal and tarsal

periostem is what tissue

dense irregular ct

if bone broken then

it bleeds

Perforating

(Sharpey's)

fibers

deep in tissue, very strong, holds periosteum and muscle.

spongy contain

diploe only in flat bones

Osteogenic cell

can divide, stem cells,

osteogenic (osteoprogenator)

stem cells found in

endosteum, periosteum

― multiply continuously to produce new osteoblasts

osteoblast

build bone, make collagen, immature

Osteocytes

- mature bone cells

Osteoclasts

recycle bone come from stem cells of bone marrow,deep to periosteum, develop from same bone marrow stem cells that give rise to blood cells, large, 3 to 4 nuclei,

Organic matter

synthesized by osteoblasts

85% hydroxyapatite

(crystallized calcium phosphate salt)

Bone is a composite

ceramic ( bone suport weight )and a polymer(collagen) (flexbility)

thin plates

trabeculae

risk for osteposrisis

petite body form, immobility, insignifact exersice for stress bones.

Red marrow (myeloid tissue)

makes blood

endochronal ossification

requires breakdown of hylaine cartiladge prior to ossification

meschymime

vascular( blood vessles) , so only flat bone

traped osteoblasts become

osteocytes

woven bone and periosteum form

accumalating osteoid is laid down beteen emobryonic blood vessles in a manner of a network

childrens hand

bones are not connected bc of epiphyseal plate

interstitial growth

bones increase in length

appositional growth

growth in width

bone remodeling occurs

10 pervent year, repairs microfractures, relase mineral into blood, reshape bone o response to use and disuse

wolf bone law

.arge bony projections occur heavting acctive muscles attach

growth hromone

most iportant in stimulzting ehpyshiell place in infancy

mineral deposition

osteoblasts neutralize normal tissue inhibitors, present throughout the body and allow salts to precipitte in the bone matrix

ectopic ossification

abnormal calcification result of high bp .

calcium needed inn

nueron comminication, muscle contraction, blood clotting, and exocytosis

hypocalcemia

deficient calcium in the blood, thryroid tumors, underactive parathyroid.

hypercalcemia

excessive calcium in the blood, go to urine so healthy kidneys

calcium homeostasis is regulated by

calcitoriol, calitonin and parathyroid hormone

calcitriol

aloow Ca to be absorbaed by food, increase

calcitonin

lower blood kidney

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

increase blood kindney and pyrothroid gland

rickets

diets effect bone

Communiated fracture

breaks to several pieces, common in older

compression fracture

bone is crushed

spiral

excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone. open is pin needle closed is cast

epiphyseal fracture

epiphysis separates from the diaphysis along the epiphyseal plate

depressed fracture

broken bone portion is pressed inward

greenstick fracture

bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seen in children