Human Physiology - Test 3 Multiple Choice

Hormones or paracrines that inhibit gastric secretion include ________.

A. secretin

B. gastrin

C. histamine

D. ACh

A. secretin

Which hormone has only one known effect: to stimulate milk production by the breasts?

A. oxytocin

B. progesterone

C. prolactin

D. estrogen

C. prolactin

A man has been told that he is NOT synthesizing enough follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and for this reason he may be unable to father a child. Choose the correct statement to explain this problem.

A. FSH stimulates estrogen secretion by ovarian cells; therefore it is not synthesized by males.

B. The man must be producing progesterone, which inhibits the synthesis of FSH.

C. FSH stimulates sperm production in the testes.

D. A hormone made in the anterior pituitary cannot influence fertility.

C. FSH stimulates sperm production in the testes.

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?

A. Vitamin K

B. Vitamin C

C. Vitamin A

D. Vitamin E

E. Vitamin D

B. Vitamin C

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ________.

A. is secreted by the posterior pituitary

B. is not a tropic hormone

C. secretion is regulated by a hypothalamic regulatory hormone

D. causes the release of hormones from the adrenal medulla

C. secretion is regulated by a hypothalamic regulatory hormone

From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen.

A. submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa, and mucosa

B. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa

C. serosa, mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa

D. muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa, and submucosa

B. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa

__________ enhances uterine contractions and stimulates ejection of milk from breasts

A. Oxytocin

B. Estrogen

C. Melatonin

D. Calcitonin

A. Oxytocin

Chemical digestion in the small intestine involves ________.

A. bile salts that help emulsify carbohydrates so that they can be easily digested by enzymatic action

B. cholecystokinin (CCK), an intestinal hormone responsible for gallbladder contraction

C. a significant amount of enzyme secretion by the intestinal mucosa

D. secretions from the spleen that contain all enzymes necessary for complete digestion

C. a significant amount of enzyme secretion by the intestinal mucosa

______ decreases blood calcium levels, increases bone formation by osteoblasts.

A. Calcitonin

B. Parathyroid hormone

C. Melatonin

D. Oxytocin

A. Calcitonin

Which of the following can act on receptors inside the target cell that directly activate specific genes?

A. melatonin

B. testosterone

C. growth hormone

D. calcitonin

B. testosterone

In females, stimulates secretion of estrogens and progesterone, ovulation and formation of corpus luteum. In males, stimulates testes to produce testosterone

A. prolactin

B. estrogen and progesterone

C. FSH

D. LH

D. LH

Oxytocin ________.

A. is an anterior pituitary secretion

B. release is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism

C. exerts its most important effects during menstruation

D. controls milk production

B. release is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism

Johanna is significantly shorter than normal for her age. Her doctor recommends treatment with a hormone before her growth plates ossify in her long bones. Which hormone is recommended?

A. parathyroid hormone

B. growth hormone

C. thyroid stimulating hormone

D. cortisol

B. growth hormone

Which of the following is not true of saliva?

A. cleanses the mouth

B. dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted

C. contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins

D. moistens food and aids in compacting of the bolus

C. contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins

The major targets of growth hormone are ________.

A. the blood vessels

B. the adrenal glands

C. bones and skeletal muscles

D. the gall bladder

C. bones and skeletal muscles

For chemical digestion to be effective, ________ must be carefully regulated.

A. insulin

B. pH

C. surface area

D. stomach acid

B. pH

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids.

A. ACTH

B. FSH

C. TSH

D. cortisol

A. ACTH

Regulating hormones from the hypothalamus ________.

A. first enter into the hypophyseal portal system

B. travel by arteries to the pituitary

C. enter the hepatic portal system, which feeds the pituitary

D. enter venous circulation and travel to the heart, which pumps the hormone-containing blood to the pituitary

A. first enter into the hypophyseal portal system

Controls metabolism and stimulates growth, stimulates protein synthesis, decreases use of glucose, stimulates production of insulin like growth factors.

A. TSH

B. ACTH

C. LH

D. growth hormone

D. growth hormone

Which enzyme is only produced by the pancreas?

A. amylase

B. lipase

C. protease

D. nuclease

B. lipase

__________ enhances uterine contractions and stimulates ejection of milk from breasts

A. Oxytocin

B. Estrogen

C. Melatonin

D. Calcitonin

A. Oxytocin

Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach?

A. chief cells

B. serous cells

C. mucous neck cells

D. parietal cells

D. parietal cells

Several hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland. The mechanism of transportation from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland is through the ________.

A. feedback loop

B. hepatic portal system

C. general circulatory system

D. hypophyseal portal system

D. hypophyseal portal system

Which of the following is a lipid-soluble vitamin?

A. Vitamin C

B. Vitamin B6

C. Vitamin B1

D. Vitamin K

D. Vitamin K

The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task?

A. Brunner's glands and Peyer Patches

B. the vast array of digestive enzymes

C. the rugae and haustra

D. plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli

D. plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli

When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is called ________.

A. mechanical digestion

B. secretion

C. absorption

D. chemical digestion

D. chemical digestion

Choose the incorrect statement regarding bile.

A. Bile functions to carry bilirubin formed from breakdown of worn-out RBCs.

B. Bile is both an excretory product and a digestive secretion.

C. Bile contains enzymes for digestion.

D. Bile functions to emulsify fats.

C. Bile contains enzymes for digestion.

Which of the following lipid-soluble vitamins is involved in the production of blood-clotting factors?

A. Vitamin D

B. Vitamin K

C. Vitamin E

D. Vitamin C

B. Vitamin K

Sets biological clock, regulates sleep-wake cycle. Involved in jet lag and seasonal affective disorder.

A. TSH

B. FSH

C. melatonin

D. ACTH

C. melatonin

Together with other hormones, promotes milk secretion by the mammary glands.

A. prolactin

B. estrogen

C. LH

D. oxytocin

A. prolactin

During an afternoon class, Lisa starts to feel hungry and worries that her blood sugar level may be dropping. Which hormone is helping to prevent a drop in blood sugar level?

A. insulin

B. glucagon

C. thyroxine

D. aldosterone

B. glucagon

________raises blood glucose levels by accelerating breakdown of glycogen into glucose in liver and converting other nutrients into glucose

A. Insulin

B. Glucagon

C. Calcitonin

D. Prolactin

B. Glucagon

___________ acts on the kidney to conserve water by decreasing urination, sweat and increases blood pressure

A. Insulin

B. Melatonin

C. Antidiuretic hormone

C. Antidiuretic hormone

Overproduction of stomach acid and inability to neutralize the acid could lead to all of the following EXCEPT:

A. decreased absorption

B. diarrhea

C. decreased digestion

D. constipation

E. steatorrhea

D. constipation

________ is the hormone that increases basal metabolic rate, stimulate synthesis of proteins and increase use of glucose and fatty acids for ATP production

A. growth hormone

B. thyroid hormone

C. calcitonin

D. insulin

B. thyroid hormone

Aldosterone ________.

A. production is greatly influenced by ACTH

B. presence increases potassium concentration in the blood

C. is secreted by the posterior pituitary

D. functions to increase sodium reabsorption

D. functions to increase sodium reabsorption

Which organ is involved in mechanical digestion, chemical digestion and lots of absorption?

A. stomach

B. large intestine

C. pancreas

D. small intestine

D. small intestine

How do glucocorticoids enable the body to deal appropriately with stress?

A. by decreasing the heart rate, thus decreasing blood pressure

B. by increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels and enhancing blood pressure

C. by stimulating the pancreas to release insulin

D. by releasing the neurotransmitters that prepare the body for the stress response

B. by increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels and enhancing blood pressure

________lowers blood glucose levels by accelerating transport of glucose into the cells and stimulating the synthesis of glycogen.

A. Insulin

B. Glucagon

C. Calcitonin

D. Prolactin

A. Insulin

The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur?

A. The acid secretions from the stomach would be sufficient to digest this food.

B. This type of food would cause secretion of gastrin to cease, causing digestive upset.

C. Severe indigestion would occur, caused by the lack of sufficient digestive enzymes.

D. Bile would be released from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum.

D. Bile would be released from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum.

What is the disorder for a patient with a arterial pH or 7.55, PaCO2 of 40mmHg and 35mEq/L HCO3-?

A. Respiratory acidosis-no compensation

B. Respiratory alkalosis-no compensation

C. Metabolic acidosis-no compensation

D. Metabolic alkalosis-no compensation

E. Respiratory acidosis with renal compensation

F. Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation

D. Metabolic alkalosis-no compensation

What is characterized by an increased bicarbonate level?

A. respiratory acidosis

B. respiratory alkalosis

C. metabolic acidosis

D. metabolic alkalosis

D. metabolic alkalosis

Which of the following conditions is associated with respiratory alkalosis?

A. decreased ventilation

B. hyperventilation

C. decreased oxygen exchange

D. increased production of CO2 by the cells

E. damage to the diaphragm or other breathing muscles

B. hyperventilation

What is the disorder for a patient with a arterial pH or 7.52, PaCO2 of 28mmHg and 22mEq/L HCO3-?

A. Respiratory acidosis-no compensation

B. Respiratory alkalosis-no compensation

C. Metabolic acidosis-no compensation

D. Metabolic alkalosis-no compensation

E. Respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation

F. Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation

B. Respiratory alkalosis-no compensation

What is the disorder for a patient with a arterial pH or 7.30, PaCO2 of 30mmHg and 18mEq/L HCO3-?

A. Respiratory acidosis-no compensation

B. Respiratory alkalosis-no compensation

C. Metabolic acidosis-no compensation

D. Metabolic alkalosis-no compensation

E. Respiratory acidosis with renal compensation

F. Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation

F. Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation

What is the disorder for a patient with a arterial pH or 7.31, PaCO2 of 55mmHg and 24mEq/L HCO3-?

A. Respiratory acidosis-no compensation

B. Respiratory alkalosis-no compensation

C. Metabolic acidosis-no compensation

D. Metabolic alkalosis-no compensation

E. Respiratory acidosis with renal compensation

F. Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation

A. Respiratory acidosis-no compensation

What is the disorder for a patient with a arterial pH or 7.34, PaCO2 of 60mmHg and 33mEq/L HCO3-?

A. Respiratory acidosis-no compensation

B. Respiratory alkalosis-no compensation

C. Metabolic acidosis-no compensation

D. Metabolic alkalosis-no compensation

E. Respiratory acidosis with renal compensation

F. Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation

E. Respiratory acidosis with renal compensation

What is characterized by an elevated pCO2 and is caused by hypoventilation?

A. respiratory acidosis

B. respiratory alkalosis

C. metabolic acidosis

D. metabolic alkalosis

A. respiratory acidosis

What is the disorder for a patient with a arterial pH or 7.24, PaCO2 of 36mmHg and 14mEq/L HCO3-?

A. Respiratory acidosis-no compensation

B. Respiratory alkalosis-no compensation

C. Metabolic acidosis-no compensation

D. Metabolic alkalosis-no compensation

E. Respiratory acidosis with renal compensation

F. Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation

C. Metabolic acidosis-no compensation

Metabolic acidosis is characterized by?

A. increased HCO3-

B. increased CO2

C. decreased HCO3-

D. A and B are correct.

E. A, B and C are correct.

C. decreased HCO3-