Anatomy Section 2

Amygdala

Almond shape mass (grey matter) in the temporal lobe that's the interrogative emotion center.

Thalmus

- Relay station for sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex

-Memory Processing

-Regulates sleep

posterior commissure

Coordinating/eye movement

superior colliculus

visual reflexes

Cranial nerve VI

Abducens- eye movement *motor

Ataxia

lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

Do all sinuses connect with atmosphere (can drain fluid)?

Yes- through sinus cavities

Trapezius muscle (spinal accessory)

shoulder shrug

parietal lobe

processing sensory information, sensory discrimination, body orientation in space and writing

phalanx

single digit (bone) in finger

brachium

upper arm

joint capsule

fibrous outside capsule encasing the synovial joint

tendon sheath

layer of synovial membrane that surrounds tendon

abduct

movement of joint away from midline of body

6

number of cervical discs

abducens VI

controls lateral rectus eye muscle

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

3 types of joints

fibrous

immovable joint (skull sutures)

scapholunate

Most commonly injured ligament in the wrist

axillary artery, axillary vein, cephalic vein, basilic vein

vessels in the shoulder

axilla

armpit

trochlea

pulley in latin

kyphosis

excessive posterior curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back.

superficial fascia

loose connective tissue that underlies the skin and attaches it to the superficial layer of muscles

skin, superficial fascia, deep fascia, muscle, deep fascia

order of layers from skin-muscle

stenosis

narrowing/hardening of an anatomical structure

graves disease

an autoimmune disorder that is caused by hyperthyroidism and is characterized by goiter and/or exophthalmos

carotid sinus

at the biforcation of the common carotid into the internal and external carotid arteries

total parenteral nutrition

intravenous feeding

subclavian

what vein is total parenteral nutrition

baroreceptors and chemoreceptors

2 sensory inputs in carotid sinus

external jugular vein

what neck vessel swells with heart failure

goiter

abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland

Pons

-the part of the brainstem that links the medulla oblongata and the thalamus.

-Regulates signals to either side

Medulla

the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing (automatic)

Hypothalamus

a neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating, drinking, body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion (sleep)

anterior commissure

Responsible for memory from smell

Infererior colliculus

coordinates movement in response to auditory stimuli

septum pellucidum

thin membrane that separates lateral ventricles (produces CSF)

Fornix

Survival instinct

What 4 arteries supply blood to the brain

R&L internal carotid artery

R&L vertebral artery

Stroke

Permanant brain damage due to low oxygen killing brain tissue

global aphasia

Middle cerebral artery blocked- inability to understand language or communicate orally

TIA

transient ischemic attack (mini stroke)

*no permanent damage

Middle cerebral

Lateral fissure

Anterior cerebral

longitudinal fissure

Posterior cerebral

Between occipital and cerebellum

anastomosis

natural communication (direct/indirect)

between 2 blood vessels (commonly blood vessel arteries)

Ischemia

low oxygen

Cranial nerve I

Olfactory (smell) *sensory

Cranial nerve II

Optic - vision *sensory

Cranial verve III

Oculomotor- eye movement *motor

Cranial nerve IV

Trochlear- eye movement *motor

Cranial nerve V

Trigeminal- 3 branches

dermatomes(feeling/touch), chewing *both

Cranial nerve VII

Facial- Facial movement, taste on tip of tongue *both

Cranial nerve VIII

Vestibulocochlear- hearing and balance *sensory

Cranial Nerve IX

Glossopharyngeal- helps produce saliva, taste on rest of tongue *both

Cranial nerve X

Vagus- slows heart rate/respiration *both

Cranial nerve XI

spinal accessory- head turn/shoulder shrug *motor

Cranial nerve XII

Hypoglossal- Tongue movement *motor

Bell's palsy

temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve(facial) that causes paralysis only on the affected side of the face

Diplopia

double vision

tinnitus

ringing in the ears

Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

inflammation (blood vessel pressure) of the fifth cranial nerve characterized by sudden, intense, brief attacks of sharp pain on one side of the face

Mumps

Disease causing swollen parotid glands

Origin of muscle

Muscle attached (immoveable)

bone or bony process(facial-skin)

insertion of muscle

muscle attachment (movable)

bone or bony process(facial-skin)

Ocular motor

upper eyelid, pupil, 6 facial muscles

Function of the Tonsil

Alerts immune system (first responder)

Captures bacteria/viruses

Function of palate in mammals

Separates oral/nasal

Aids in swallowing

Function of Eustachian (auditory) tube

equalizes the pressure behind the ear drums and drains mucus from your middle ear

Why do many vertebrates have sinuses

lightens skull

provides mucus

humidifies outside air

filters air

improves resonance of voice

cause of damaged sinus

Constant illness- viral/bacterial

smoking tabaco

allergens

environment conditions

genetics

genetic illnesses

levator palpevrae superioris muscle (oculomotor n.)

Open/Shut eyelid

Masseter muscle (trigeminal n.)

Chew

Orbicularis oris muscle

Squint

Frontalis muscle

eyebrow

Buccinator muscle

suck

Nasalis muscle

flares nostrils

Levater labii superioris

upper lip

Depressor anguli oris

down (frown)

Mentalis

Chin (wrinkles)

Anterior, superior, and posterior auricular muscles

Ear

Platysma

Neck

frontal lobe

personality, intellect, judgement, foresight, reasoning, conscience, intuition, mood, planning for future, abstract and motor control to skeletal muscles

temporal lobe

auditory processing, language, speech and memory retrival

occiptial lobe

visual processing

serve as rigid support of shoulder, keeps arm away from torso

why do primates have clavicles

separated shoulder

injury to the acromioclavicular joint or coracoacromial joint

ball and socket

what kind of joint is the shoulder joint

double jointed

hypermobility of a joint (ligament laxity)

bursa

small fluid filled sacs located within the fibrous membrane of joint capsule

produce synovial fluid

function of bursa

luxation

complete displacement of a joint

flex

decrease angle of joint

extend

increase angle of joint

adduct

movement of joint towards midline of body

12

number of thoracic discs

5

number of lumbar discs

7, 12, 5

number of vertebrae in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine