Purdue HSCL 101 Midterm

July 2010

the year HHS was established

1979

the year the school of health sciences was established

nurse practitioners (46%), medical and health service managers (28%), physician assistants (28%)

the 3 fasted growing healthcare jobs in 2023

people are getting older and living longer, the Affordable Care Act, emerging diseases

reasons why jobs in healthcare professions are in high demand

OEHS

a study abroad program in the Dublin Institute of Technology

occupational and environmental health sciences

OEHS stands for

prior, preparation, prevents, poor, performance

the 5 P advice from Dr. Zheng

tox

a unique complication of toxicological information on a given hazardous substance

radiological health sciences

what does RHS stand for?

disease

a particular distinctive process inn the body with a specific cause and characterisitc symptoms, could be transmitted from one person to another

disorder

irregularity, disturbance, or interruption pf normal body functions, usually not transmissible

parkinsons disease

a chronic progressive nervous disease marked by tremors, muscle rigidity, akinesia, and postural instability (TRAP)

diseases, cause, treatment, and prevention

what health science deals with

allied (private) health professionals and public health science professions

two main categories of health science professionals

allied (private) health professions

focus on disease and patients: diagnose disease/disorders, treat disease/disorders, care for patients, and serve for patients well-being

public health science professions

focus on diseases, causes, and prevention: identify the causes, discover new means for treatment, prevent the disease from occurring, and promote public health

primary health providers, allied healthcare providers, and other allied personnel

three categories of allied (private) health professionals

public health professionals

toxicologist, industrial hygienist, health physicist, sanitarian, epidemiologist, env health scientist, EPA, CDC, FDA

primary health providers

physician, dentist, nurse

allied healthcare providers

physical therapist, audiologist, dental hygienist, physician assistant

other allied personnel

medical technologist, medical physicist, medical imaging scientist, hospital administrator pharmacist

diagnosis and treatment services, rehabilitation services, health promotion services, disease prevention services

4 major categories of healthcare services provided by the US healthcare system s

diagnosis and treamtent services

the service most used in healthcare EX: hospitals, clinics

rehabilitation services

helps restore to normal or near normal function Ex: homes, community centers, rehab institutions, hospitals, outpatient setting, extended care facilities

health promotion services

promotes better health through lifestyle changes ex: hospitals and clinics that offer prenatal nutrition classes

disease prevention services

offer assistance in reducing the threat of illness due to environmental or occupational conditions

department of health and human services (HHS)

NIH, AHRQ, ATSDR, CDC, CMS, FDA, HRSA, SAMHSA

in patient care

hospitals of rehabilitation centers

out patient

nursing homes, extended care facilities, or homes: community-based, voluntary, institutional, governmental, hospice, comprehensive health maintenance agencies

nonprofit hospitals

private owned hospitals, voluntary hospitals, community hospitals, public hospitals

for-profit hospitals

private owned by investors or shareholders of a publicity traded company

health maintenance organizations (HMOs), preferred provider organizations (PPOs), and associated plans

types of managed healthcare organizations

health maintenance organizations (HMOs)

Blue Shield access, Health Net, kaiser permanente, universal care, Western Health advantage

preferred provider organizations

public employees retirement system care, pers choice

association plans

Indiana Association of…, Highway Patrolmen Health Benefits Trust, Peace Officers Research Association of California

health maintenance organizations (HMO)

fixed fee for basic and supplemental health maintenance and treatment services; must use designed facilities and limited choice of clinicians

Preferred Provider Organizations (PPO)

higher fee for service; better choices and flexibility

physicians

delivery of individual healthcare, in general, is directed by ______________ in private practice

federal governement

the ______________ has no authority to provide direct individual services; yet it finances research aswell as individual health care for the elderly (medicare) and the indigent (Medicaid)

local and state government

the ___________ and ____________ provide public health services

non government finds, that consumers through private health insurance

who the healthcare system is primarily financed by

medicare

a federal insurance program for people aged 65 and older and certain disabled people

medicare

patients on __________ are entitled to the same benefits are care as those that private insurance pay for middle-income families

medicare

government pays the hospital bills, instead of the individual or corportation

medicare

run by HHS Health Care Financing Administration

medicaid

a federal state cooperative health insurance plan for the indigent who have incomes below the poverty level established by the state

medicaid

60% of patients bill paid to private nursing homes are paid by ___________ program,

medicaid

many private facilities and physicians do not accept patients in ________ because of low reimbursement or denial of payments for services provided

14 million

amount of healthcare worked in the US

GPA 3.5 or higher, MCAT, GRE

academic requirements for graduate school

experience, campus involvement, volunteering, undergraduate research

non academic requirement for graduate school

If you like a challenge, sciences, care about others, good listener, enjoy learning

reasons to become a doctor

4-5 years

life as a premed

great grades, research experience, clinical experience, extracurricular

pre med requirements

in state 35,000 per year, out of state: 60,000 per year

cost of IU school of medicine

5%

IU School of medicine acceptance rate

GPA: 3.75 MCAT: 512

IU school of medicine average acceptance criteria

white coat ceremony, memorizing lots of stuff, dissecting your cadaver, touching first patient, listening to stories, 12 to 16 hour days

medical student life

260 K

median cost for medical school (4 years)

life as a resident or fellow

mentors, read, learn, write, question, teach students, have own patients, professional, advocate for the patient, build relationships and technical skills, salary: $50,000 per year

237K

primary care physician salary

341K

specialist physician average salary

Andrew Taylor Still

in 1874 _______ rejects medical practices of the day in favor of preventative medicine, treating the whole patient, and utilizing OMM

doctors of osteopathic medicine

fully licensed physicians who practice in all areas of medicine that emphasize a whole-person approach to treatment and care

osteopathic medicine

tenets of _____________: a person is a unit of body, mind, and spirit, the body is capable of self-regulation, self-healing and health maintenance, structure and function are reciprocally interrelated, rational treatment

rational treatment

based upon an understanding of the basic principals of the body unity, self-regulation, and the interrelationship of structure and function

osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM)

set of techniques used by DOs to diagnose, treat, and prevent illness and injury

1894

first osteoplasty school opened

40

______ colleges of osteopathic medicine in the US

25

____ percent of medical students become osteopathic medical students

physician assistant

nationally certified and state-licensed to practice medicine as part of a physician-led team

physician assistants

________________ do: physical exams, diagnose and treat illnesses, order and interpret tests, counsel on preventive healthcare, assist inn surgery, write prescriptions, rounds in nursing homes and hospitals, and mange full scope of patient care

1961

__________: when PA was first proposed

Dr. Charles L. Hudson

_____________: who first proposed the idea of PA

1965

____________: first PA class

Dr. Eugene A. Stead, Jr.

_____________: considered to be the founded of PA

late 1960s

____________: when two additional PA programs were launched

1970

_____________: AMA passed a resolution to develop educational guidelines and certification procedures for PAs

physician assistant program

requirements for ______________: 400 hours in science, 75 hours in pharmacology, 175 hours in behavioral sciences, 580 clinical hours (total about 26 months)

mini-medical model

didactic education, experiential education,instructionall faculty

physician assistants

_______________: can prescribe drugs and work in any field of medicine; work full time is any healthcare setting

dental anesthesiology, dental public health, oral and maxillofacial surgery, oral medicine, orofacial pain, orthodontics, and dentofacial orthopedics

what are the 11 dental specialties?

Dental anesthesiology

__________________ is the specialty of dentistry and discipline of anesthesiology encompassing the art and science of managing pain, anxiety, and overall patient health during dental, oral, maxillofacial, and adjunctive surgical or diagnostic procedures throughout the entire perioperative period. The specialty is dedicated to promoting patient safety and access to care for all dental patients, including the very young and patients with special healthcare needs.

dental public health

he science and art of preventing and controlling dental diseases
and promoting dental health through organized community efforts. It is that form of dental practice that serves the community as a patient rather than the individual. It is concerned with the dental health education of the public, with applied dental research, and with the administration of group dental care programs as well as the prevention and control of dental diseases on a community basis

the specialty of dentistry which includes the diagnosis, surgical and adjunctive treatment of diseases, injuries and defects involving both the functional and esthetic aspects of the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial
region

oral medicine

is the specialty of dentistry responsible for the oral health care of
medically complex patients and for the diagnosis and management of medically-related diseases, disorders and conditions affecting the oral and maxillofacial region

orofacial pain

is the specialty of dentistry that encompasses the diagnosis,
management and treatment of pain disorders of the jaw, mouth, face, head and neck. The specialty of Orofacial Pain is dedicated to the evidenced-based understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, etiology, prevention, and treatment of these disorders and improving access to interdisciplinary patient
care

orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics

and dentofacial orthopedics is the dental specialty that includes the diagnosis, prevention, interception, and correction of malocclusion, as well as neuromuscular and skeletal abnormalities of the developing or mature orofacial structures

periodontal disease

Cardiovascular disease, the leading killer of men and women in the United States, is a major public health issue. Inflammation is a major risk factor for heart disease, and ___________ increases the inflammation level throughout the body.

periodontal disease

a chronic inflammatory disease that destroys bone and gum tissue that support the teeth affects nearly 75% of Americans and is the major cause of adult tooth loss

oral cancer

36,000 patients will be diagnosed this year with ___________, 1 person every hour, 8000 will die

about 100 million people are covered under dental benefit plans, high job demand, baby boomers are aging, people was nice teeth

How do dentists have good job security?

self employed, work about 37 hours a week, run a small business, time off, work/life balance

how is dentistry flexible?

help people achieve and maintain health, function, and appearance, create new smiles, improve health and save lives, continuing education

how is dentistry provide personal satisfaction

pediatric dentistry

_________ is an age-defined specialty that provides both primary and
comprehensive preventive and therapeutic oral health care for infants and children through adolescence, including those with special health care needs

Periodontics

____________ is that specialty of dentistry that encompasses the prevention,
diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the supporting and surrounding tissues of the teeth or their substitutes and the maintenance of the health, function, and esthetics of these structures and tissues

Prosthodontics

___________ is the dental specialty pertaining to the diagnosis, treatment
planning, rehabilitation and maintenance of the oral function, comfort, appearance and health of patients with clinical conditions associated with missing or deficient teeth and/or oral and maxillofacial tissues using biocompatible substitutes

3.6

average overall GPA for IU dentistry

biology, chemistry, physics, humanities, social sciences

prerequisites for IU dental school

CASPer test

what test is required for dental school admission