yeah

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What three things multiplied in the years following the Great War:

Economic Weakness Political Instability Changing Moral Values

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  The ___________ brought worldwide conflict.

Great Depression.

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Edmund Burke:  “All that is necessary for the triumph of evil is for ________ men to do _____.”

good nothing

List three things that lead to feelings of despair

War, Economic Depression, Moral Decay

 Men developed a social science in the form of

psychology

 Ivan ________ is famous for experimenting with dogs.

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Pavlov

_________ developed theories to explain human behavior.

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Sigmund Freud

Freud divided the human mind into three levels:  Name and define them…

Conscious mind - contained thoughts that are the focus of human attention

Preconscious mind - contained thoughts that could be be retrieved from ones memory

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Unconscious mind- Where past trauma and pain lay in someone's mind

_________ focused on who was fit to reproduce.

Eugenics

Name a philosophy that cannot be defined

Existentialism

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Common ideas of existentialists:

Lack of absolute or universal truths Absence of true purpose of life

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Name two existential philosophers:

Friedrich Nietzsche Jean-Paul Sartre

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 How did these two philosophers address one’s purpose in life:

Nietzshe – Declared there is no purpose to life

Sartre – asserted that people can find their own purpose in life if they created their own meaning for life

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What is artistic:

expressionism – the artist tried to pain how he felt about the subject rather than trying to realistically reproduce what he saw 

  cubism – figures of various geometric shapes that challenged viewers to their perception of the world 

Name an expressionist artist

Henri Matisee

Name an artist of cubism

Pablo Picasso

Russian composer Igor Stravinsky developed a new musical theory known as __________

Polytonality

What was T.S. Eliot trying to portray in his book, The Waste Land?

The desolation and meaninglessness of modern life

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“This is the way the world ends, not with a ____,__ but with a _____.”  Eliot

bang, whimper

Name the Prime Minister of Britain after WWI.

Llyod George

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 Britain’s debt was __X’s greater than it was in 1914.

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 10

Which British industry was hardest hit?

Coal mining industry

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By 1932, __% of British workers were unemployed.

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25

With the establishment of the Labor Party, Britain was trending toward

Socialism

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Britain granted independence to _______ in 1921.

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Ireland

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 List four countries that were given greater freedoms under the Statute of Westminster in 1931

Canada, Australia,New Zealand,South Africa

(T) or (F)  France was more successful than Great Britain economically after WWI

T

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Between 1920 and 1940, France changed Prime Ministers __ times.

40

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 (T) or (F)  Unlike Britain, France was able to prevent the rise of socialism.

T

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Because France was afraid of ____________ , they signed defensive alliances with which 3 countries:

German aggression

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Because France was afraid of german aggression , they signed defensive alliances with which 3 countries:

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1. Czechoslovakia b. Romania  c. Yugoslavia 

What was the Maginot Line?

A series of French fortifications along France’s border with Germany

 After WWI, many Americans wanted to return to a policy of

isolation

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In the election of 1920, Americans rejected Wilson’s ______ __and____________.

idealism internationalism

 What was Warren G. Harding’s campaign slogan?

“return to normalcy”

What did Harding mean by “normalcy”?

domestic well-being over foreign involvement

Who was Harding’s successor?

Calvin Cooledge

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Calvin Coolidge:  “The chief _______ __of the American people is__ ________ .”

business business

1. President Hoover’s 1929 State of the Union address:  “I have no fears for the ____ of our country.  It is bright with __ .”

future hope

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There was great _____ decay during the ‘roaring Twenties”.

moral

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John Steinbeck summarized the moral decay of the period in his book:  “ _____ __of__ ______”

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Grapes Wrath”

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List five things the stock market crash of 1929 triggered:

a drop in prices, a decline in foreign trade, the closing of factories, the failure of banks, a dramatic rise in unemployment

 What fraction of the workforce was unemployed by winter of 1932-33?

13-17 million people

Name the president who received most of the blame for the Crash of 1929.

Herbert Hoover

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(T) or (F) Roosevelt’s policies increased the power and intervention of the government in the lives of Americans.

T

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 Franklin Roosevelt’s great economic reform movement was called the “ ________”

New Deal

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List the six common characteristics shared by dictators:

1. The use of propaganda (materials and methods of indoctrination) to promote the ideas and programs of the state,
2. 2.The use of an efficient secret police to arrest or assassinate those who opposed the state and its policies
3. Emphasis on the goals of the state rather than on individual rights or concerns
4. State control of every aspect of life - political, economic, cultural, educational, and religious
5. A government maintained by force and not accountable to the people for its actions
6. A one-party political system led by a powerful dictator

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 Czar ____________ of Russia was assassinated in 1881.

Alexander II

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Name his successor: _________

Alexander III 

Define Alexander’s pogroms:

government massacres which killed thousands of Jews living in Russia

Alexander III was succeeded by his son,

Nicholas II

 List the two branches within the Social Democratic Party:

Bolsheviks - - change through violence

Mensheviks - change through peaceful means.

 Who was the winner of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05?

Japan

The great  protest on January 22, 1905 in St. Petersburg was called

Bloody Sunday

  What is a ‘soviet’?

An elected local, district, or national council in the former Soviet Union

What did Nicholas promise in the October Manifesto?

A constitutional government with free speech and national assembly

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What caused the Russian people to no longer support Russia’s efforts in WWI?

1. Poor planning caused food shortages in cities
2. Heavy casualties among the soldiers caused Russia ability to fight to be lowered

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Who was Rasputin?  

self-proclaimed holy man who was thought to have closely influenced the Romanov family, the last imperial dynasty to rule Russia

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 Nicholas II was forced to abdicate the throne on March 15, 1917.  The royal family was captured and ________ the following year.

executed

The head of the new provisional government was

Aleksandr Kerensky

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The _________ opposed his new government.

bolsheviks

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Name the leader of the Bolsheviks. 

Vladimir Lenin

 The ________ came to power on November 7, 1917.

Bolsheviks

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  The Bolsheviks adopted the name __________ in 1918.

communist

Russia withdrew from WWI in 1918 by signing the Treaty of  

Brest--Litovsk.

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For four  years Russia was torn by civil war.  ____________ organized the communist into the ___Army.  Their opposition were called the ______.

Leon Trotsky, Red, Whites

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In 1918, Lenin moved the capital from St. Petersburg to ______.

Moscow

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After Lenin’s death in 1924, the official name for the country became the ___ of ________________.  (USSR)

Union Soviet Socialist Republics

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Under Lenin’s Marxist government, Russian _____________ was nationalized (under control of the government)

government

What was NEP.

New Economic Policy

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NEP was  simply a temporary retreat from ____________ to save the Russian economy.

communism

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Who became dictator after Lenin’s death?

Joseph Stalin

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Stalin’s attempt to turn the country back to socialism was called the

Five Year Plan

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(T) or (F)  The attempt to collectivize agriculture was met with severe resistance.

T

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Stalin used __________ to eliminate anyone who was disloyal.

execution

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  Communist International (_________) was an attempt to spread communism among other European countries.

comintern

YOU MAY WANT TO STOP ____

HERE

In Germany, fascism is called ______

Nazism

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 In what ways do communism and fascism differ?

1. Under facism, businesses are privately owned but rigorously controlled by the government. (A fascist economy is often referred to as a corporate economy.) Under communism, however, the government both owns and controls business
2. Fascism is highly nationalistic; communism ideally seeks a classless, international society
3. A military dictatorship usually openly governs a fascist state; communism deceptively emphasizes the “dictatorship of the proletariat”
4. Facism glorifies the state; communism teaches that the state will gradually wither away

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 Both communism and fascism firmly control the ______ and severely restrict their ______.

people, liberties

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 Italy lost _______________ men in WWI.

five hundred thousand

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. ________,__________,__ and _______plagued the Italian economy.

Strikes, inflation and debt

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In 1921,_____________ helped to form the ________ Party in Italy.

Benito Mussolini, Fascist

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Mussolini slowly turned Italy into a ____________ state.

toleration

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 Approximately ______ individuals ran the Italian government but the final authority lay with il duce, “ ________” or “ _________”

twenty, leader, commander

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What was one of Mussolini’s major goals?

Was to make Italy economically self-sufficient 

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The ____________ reconciled the Italian government with the Roman Catholic Church.

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Lateran Treaties

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After WWI, German Kaiser __________ abdicated his throne and fled to Holland.

Wilhelm II

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The German people formed a __________ to replace the monarchy.

republic

List two weaknesses of the Weimar Republic:

1. Many Germans did not support the Republic
2. they were generally apathetic towards the government

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________ _________ was one of the worst dictators in modern history.

Adolf Hitler

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Hitler became leader of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, better known as the ____ Party.

Nazi

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What were the Sturmabteilungen (SA)? also known as stormtroopers and Brownshirts, to help preserve order to party rallies 

also known as stormtroopers and Brownshirts, to help preserve order to party rallies 

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 What were the Schutzstafel (SS)

Known or had  Blackshirts and special daggers 

German secret police organization: 

Gestapo

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In 1923, Hitler attempted to overthrow the government in his “Beer __________.”

hall putsch

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Hitler was sent to prison where he wrote a book called _____________ which means ‘my struggle.”

Mein Kampf

 The most famous symbol of the Nazi Party is the

Swastika

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List five reasons for Hitler’s rise to power:

1. the Weimar Republic was weak and inefficient, the Nazi’s realized this and took over this political weakness
2. The Nazis exploited the anger of many Germans against the “war guilt” clause of the Versailles
3. Economic problems, especially inflation and unemployment
4. Hitler and Nazis were violent against anti-Communism
5. Hitler’s charisma, personal leadership, and brilliant use of propaganda techniques

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Paul von ____________ appointed Hitler Chancellor of Germany on Jan. 30, 1933.

Hindenburg