Introductory Statistics and Levels of Measurement

Vocabulary flashcards covering core statistics terms, population vs. sample metrics, and measurement levels based on lecture notes.

Bar Graphs

Visual representations used for categorical data that feature gaps between the bars.

Data

Collections of observations.

Statistics

The science of planning studies and experiments, obtaining data, and analyzing observations.

Population

The complete collection that includes all subjects or observations being studied.

Sample

A subcollection of members selected from a population.

Parameter

A characteristic or measurement representing a population.

Statistic

A characteristic or measurement representing a sample.

Categorical Data

Data that consists of names and labels.

Nominal Level of Measurement

A level of measurement characterized by data categories only that cannot be ordered (for example, ice cream vs. cake).

Ordinal Level of Measurement

A level of measurement that must be a ranking scheme (for example, finishing a race, preferences, or course grades).