Common Cardiac Pathology

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering valvular diseases, congenital defects, ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathies, cardiac masses, and aortic pathologies based on medical lecture notes.

What are the 6 different classification in cardiac

Valvular -meaning you were born that way.

Congenital-you were born this way.

Ischemic-a lack of blood flow

Cardiologist-typically enlarged heart

Masses- heart

Thrombus-heart

What can you have in the valve diseases ?

Stenosis of the valve.

Stenosis of the valve maybe be due to ?

congenital abnormality

Post-inflammatory changes

Age related calcification

As valve opening area decreases Velocity and pressure gradient across the valve

increases

As a result of stenosis What does 2* degree changes result from pressure changes and pressure overload ?

causes ventricular hypertrophy( thickening of the muscle)

Atrial-dilation

Affect the heart size

This example of ?

Aortic stenosis

What example are these ?

Mitral stenosis

What is one of the most common pathologies ? What happens in it

Regurgitation, the valve or not closing well and blood is going in the wrong direction. Which causes congenital or acquired.

In regurgitation what are two things it can it lead to

Dilated Ao root

Dilated left ventricle

Also on the tripudipd vale, which would affect the right side of the heart.

This is example of

Mitral Regurgitation

This is example lf ?

Tricuspid Regurgitation

In congenital valvular diseases what is mostly common?

Bicuspid aortic valve. It can also be three but some people are born with just two.

Are their three types in ASD? T or F ? If so what’s that’s most common

True, most common secundum , which is located within the central portion of the septum. And it create left to right shunt.

Is there 4 kinds in VSD, what is the most common? Where is it located

Yes 4 kinds, perimembranous is most common.

Located inferior and medial to the aortic valve. Lateral to spatial leaflet of tricuspid valve.

This is an example of

Biscuipid Ao valve

This is example of ?

ASD

This is example of

VSD

What is Ischemic Disease

segmental wall motion abnormalities correspond to coronary artery supply

In ischemic disease wall motion assessed through

multiple scan planes

What is a primary disease in cardiomyopathy

myocardium

What’s one caterogoies dieseas in cardiomyopathy ? Describe it

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

•4 chamber enlargement with decreased function of both ventricles

 

•reduced cardiac output due to poor contractility of LV-not pumping the bloods

 

•many causes

 

This is example of

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Stress echo

An imaging procedure used to identify segmental wall motion abnormalities by increasing myocardium $O_2$ demand with exercise or medication to induce ischemia.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

inherited disease

•autosomal dominant

 

•increased risk of sudden death

 

•asymmetric LV enlargement

•normal systolic function with impaired diastolic function

-this is example of went high school players died.

 

This is example of

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

What is another cardiomyopathy disease.

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

thickened non-dilated LV

 

•normal systolic, impaired diastolic function due to stiff/thickened LV

 

•bilateral atrial enlargement

This is example of

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

What mass is more common in the heart.

2*( secondary) masses is more common.

What percentage are metastatic diseases? What are the example of where they start ?

75%, arise from lung, breast, hematologic

What is the percentage of masses are benign ? What is most common one? Where are they located

75%, myxoma is most common, located on the interatrial septum into left atria.

What image does this describes ?

Myxoma

What is the most common primary benign cardiac mass? Where is it typically located ?

Myxoma, typically located on the interatrial septum and protruding into the Ledt atria

What is Endocarditis?

(bacterial or fungal) can result in valvular vegetations

 

What happens in endocarditis

irregular shaped mass attached to leaflet demonstrating chaotic motion

What is another nickname they have for endocarditis?

Vegetation

What image does this describes

Endocarditis/vegetation

This image describe what ?

Endocarditis “vegetation

What are places you can have Thrombus

Vein and heart

What happen in Thrombus

formation occurs due to stasis or low velocity flow

•ex: LV aneurysm, atrial enlargement

 

This is example of

Thrombus

What can happen in aortic disease ?

Dilation

Aneurysm

Dissection

This is example of

Dilation

This is an example of

Abdominal Aneurysm

This is an example of

thoracic Aneurysm

This is an an example of ?

Dissection-abdominal