Biology Final Review

You have accidentally broken a test tube and spilled a chemical on the lab table. Which of the following best explains what you should do?

Caution your lab partners to avoid the area while you inform the teacher of the small accident

What is the total magnification produced by a microscope using a 10x ocular lens and a 10x objective lens?

100X

The scientific term for a living thing is a(n)

organism

A series of steps designed to help you solve problems and answer questions

scientific method

part of a graph where the curve becomes steady

carrying capacity

type of growth that is shown by a graph increasing continuously

exponential growth

A protein is a polymer consisting of a specific sequence of

amino acids

stores genetic information

nucleic acids

Makes up fats, oils, and waxes in biology

lipid

Makes up muscles, skin, and hair

protein

Forms double-helix structures

nucleic acid

made of amino acids

protein

includes glucose, lactose, sucrose, and glycogen

carbohydrate

stores energy and can be complex

carbohydrate

Makes up cell membrane

lipid

Gas given off during cellular respiration

carbon dioxide

Photosynthesis occurs in the

chloroplasts

energy currency in our cells

ATP

Raw materials of photosynthesis

carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight

aerobic respiration requires

Oxygen

water cycle

ocean is a major contributor

nitrogen cycle

need bacteria

carbon cycle

photosynthesis and cellular respiration

phosphorus cycle

very small amount in the atmosphere

nutrient that is not cycled through the atmosphere

phosphorus

decomposition is part of all cycles except

water cycle

what cycle is fossil fuels part of

carbon

example of biosphere

earth

example of ecosystem

rainforest

example of community

tigers, monkeys, birds

example of population

group of birds

example of an organism

one bird

Herbivores

eats plants

Carnivore

eats animals

Omnivore

eats plants and animals

Decomposer

breaks down dead organisms

Scavenger

consumes that carcasses of dead animals

producer

An organism that can make its own food.

primary consumer

An organism that eats producers/herbivore

secondary consumer

An organism that eats primary consumers

tertiary consumer

A carnivore that eats secondary consumers

zygote

formed when gametes combine

anaphase

Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

interphase

when the cell is growing before division

prophase

first phase of mitosis

somatic cells

all body cells

step of cell cycle when cytoplasm completely separated

cytokinesis

if an organism has 12 chromosomes, how many chromosomes in its gametes

6

correct order of mitosis

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

building blocks of DNA and RNA

nucleotides

A pairs with

T in DNA and U in RNA

C pairs with

G

mutation

change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA

Punnett square

A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross

genotype

genetic makeup of an organism

phenotype

An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.

homozgous

Having two identical alleles for a particular gene

Heterozygous

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait

gene

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

XRXr genotype

sex-linked

Rr genotype is red and white

co-dominance

Rr genotype is red

complete dominance

Rr genotype is pink

incomplete dominance

having a common ancestor

having similar structures

Natural Selection

A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.

Fossil

A trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock.

Darwin

Father of evolution

acquired traits

Traits that are not determined by genes

homologous structures

related function, similar origin

analogous structures

similar function, different origin