Week 16 Understanding Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming

Greenhouse Gases

Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere.

Global Warming

Long-term increase in Earth's average temperature.

Climate

average conditions of the atmosphere over relatively long periods of time

Weather

refers to what we experience
over a period of hours or days in terms
of temperature, precipitation, wind and so on.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Most significant greenhouse gas from fossil fuels.

Methane (CH4)

Second most important greenhouse gas, potent warming.

Nitrous Oxide (N2O)

Third most important greenhouse gas, from nitrogen cycle.

Fluorinated Gases

Man-made gases, powerful greenhouse effect.

Water Vapor

Most abundant greenhouse gas, enhances warming.

Sinks

Processes that sequester greenhouse gases from atmosphere.

Photosynthesis

Process by which plants absorb CO2.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Man-made gases harmful to ozone layer.

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)

Human-made chemicals, alternatives to ozone-depleting substances.

Greenhouse Effect

Natural process keeping Earth warm and livable.

Environmental Degradation

Deterioration of the environment due to human activities.

Food Scarcity

Insufficient food supply due to environmental impacts.

Renewable Energy

Energy from sources that replenish naturally.

Energy-Saving Light Bulbs

Bulbs designed to use less electricity.

Non-Toxic Products

Household products that do not harm health or environment.

Tectonic Activities

Natural processes affecting Earth's surface and gases.

Wetlands

Ecosystems that can sequester greenhouse gases.

Phytoplankton

Marine organisms that absorb CO2 from water.

Nitrification

Conversion of ammonia to nitrates, releasing N2O.

Denitrification

Process converting nitrates back to nitrogen gas.

True

True or False. Earth's climate is continuously changing.

True

True or False. Earth has warmer and colder periods over time.

True

True or False. does planting a tree help with global warming?

Joseph Fourier

He is a scientist and a mathematician during the year 1820. He was the first one assessing the role of the atmosphere to the greenhouse gases. He said that "energy must be balanced when it returned back to the space."

dapat daw kapag ang energy na dinadala ng sunlight sa earth, and kalahati nitong ibang energy ay dapat bumalik sa space kasi if hindi, patuloy na iinit ng iinit ang mundo

what is the meaning of; "energy must be balanced when it returned back to the space."

True

True or False. Some of the energy must also be held in the eath's atmosphere 'til it gets WARM. if the temprature gets lower, the life forms.

True

True or False. Abiotic agents have a huge role to fulfill the needs of the biotic factors, because they are dependent to each other. And any changes can affect the biotic factors / living organisms.

True

True or False. Most of the heat is absorbed by greenhouse gases and reflected in all directions, warming the earth.

True

True or False. Sunlight reaches the earth -> some energy is reflected back into space -> some is absorbed and re-radiated as heat

The Greenhouse Effect

What effect is this: Sunlight reaches the earth -> some energy is reflected back into space -> some is absorbed and re-radiated as heat

Claude Pouillet

He regarded that the water vapor and carbon dioxide are the main greenhouse gases that causes changes in the environment

True

True or False. The oldest known understanding was during ancient times. They already had background that the temperature can change by human activities which influence rainfall through chopping of trees, plowing fields or irrigations.

Weather is short term while Climate is long term

What is the difference of weather and climate

Greenhouse gases

Are type of gases that trap in the atmosphere; Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Flourinated gases

3%, 7%, 10%, 81%

Overview of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2018: Flourinated Gases __%, Nitrous Oxide __%, Methane __%, Carbon Dioxide __%

Flourinated Gases, Nitrous Oxide, Methane, Carbon Dioxide

What are the greenhouse gas emissions in 2018?

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Main gas that cause global warming

Flourinated Gases

Least noted gas that cause global warming due to the changes in electronics and appliances

Halocarbons

Man-made chemicals that contain gas

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Most significant greenhouse gas

True

True or False. Carbon Dioxide enters through burning of coal, natural gases, and oil or collectively known as fossil fuels

True

True or False. Carbon Dioxide is created through decay of organic matter and even through chemical reactions.

Sinks

This type of gas is sequestered or balanced by set of physical, chemical or even biological processes from the atmosphere

True

True or False. Carbon Dioxide that is present in the atmosphere that is too much, hinihigop o inaabsorb ito ng mga iba't-ibang klase ng sinks

Vegetation

type of Sinks through absorption of plants and other phototrophs (photosynthesis)

Biological and Solubility pumps

type of Sinks that is dissolved CO2 and uptake of dissolved CO2 of marine vegetation and phytoplankton

True

True or False. Through the continuous negative actions of human activities, it tends to increase the atmospheric CO2 levels despite of having the sinks.

True

True or False. Illegal logging and human-made technology that releases CO2, these activities are accounted for the annual release of 7 billion tons of carbon into the atmosphere. (would represent an increase of 2-5 degrees celsius)

True

True or False. According to the study made by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, the carbon dioxide is continuously increasing

Methane (CH4)

regard as the second most important greenhouse gas

True

True or False. Adding just a little more methane to the atmosphere can have big impacts on how much, and how quickly, the planet warms

Methane (CH4)

Gas that has a higher heat-trapping ability

Anaerobic fermentation, Cattle, Termites, Fossil fuels, Burning, Wetlands, natural gases, Oil sites, Leak pipes

9 sources of methane

Nitrous Oxide (N2O)

Gas that is considered as the third most important, it is a natural component of our atmosphere

True

True or False. There was only 270 ppbv N2O during the period of pre-industrialization

Bacteria

__________ was one of the most important sources of N2O

True

True or False. Concentration of N2O was continously growing for about a century

True

True or False. There was 331.1 ppbv N2O in the year 2018

Nitrous Oxide (N2O)

this type of gas is produced by the Nitrification and Denitrification process, which is an important step in the Nitrogen cycle

Nitrous Oxide (N2O)

Considered as a powerful greenhouse gas due to its long atmospheric lifetime which lasts over a century

Nitrous Oxide (N2O)

Play vital role on the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer - 2nd layer of the atmosphere

Cattle, sheep, buffalo, goats, deer, camel

animals belonging to ruminant lifestyles; notable source of methane

rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

because of these methane producing animal's stomach's distinct characteristics of disruminance and namely is four components/compartment; what are those four components?

rumen

the compartment in which animals produce methane. this is the one containing the microbes

methanogens

the microbes in the compartment of animals producing methane, which are are capable of digesting plant materials which produce methane as its byproduct

digestion and waste

methane by animals is released through

True

True or False. The more meat produc

Termites

Like ruminants, they can also produce methane due to the bacteria and protozoa that has a symbiosis relationship, in the hind-gut part of them.

True

True or False. Termites produce 3% of the methane production.

Trichonympha

Termites can eat wood because of the protest called ____________. They can degrade and convert the cellulose to become sugar and starch as the termites' nutrients

Wetlands

Another producer of methane. Because of its nature; various soil microbes are forced to produce methane. Specifically methanogens

Oil Sites

last methane producer

Flourinated greenhouse gases

These are family of man-made gases; Considered as a powerful greenhouse gas

Family of man-made gases

Chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and perfluorocarbons (PFCs)

manufacturing processes: Aluminum, Magnesium and Electronics, Electrical transmission and distribution

Sources of Flourinated Greenhouse gas (Halocarbons)

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)

Group of human made chemicals that has carbon and fluorine; considered as a powerful greenhouse gas. Alternative to ozone depleting susbtance replaced chlorofluorocarbons (semi conductors, solvents in the electronic industry and even as refrigerants)

Chlorofluorocarbons

Mostly used in the manufacture; Aerosol spray propellants, Solvents, Refrigerants, Prescence of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine atoms (aka freons)

Perfluorocarbons (PCFs)

this type of chlorinated gas does not harm the ozone layer due to less prescence of chlorine. Highest emissions.

Chlorine

When ______ comes into contact with ozone it then destroys ozone molecules. Wherein one can destroy hundred thousand ozone molecules

Chlorofluorocarbons

Studies suggest this type of gas cause serious environmental threat. Due to this, newer appliances lack this gas.

Difference of Chlorofluorocarbon and Hydrofluorocarbon. Hydro is shorter (better) & less reactive to chlorine = less potent. But both are used in refrigerants to promote cooling in appliances.

Their difference is mostly in the atmospheric lifetime. One is shorter

Hydrofluorocarbon (HFCs)

are synthetic gases that are greenhouse gases and potent climate pollutants

Water vapor

most abundant gas. stays only a short period of time. not linked to human activities, naiinfluenced lang ng ibang greenhouse gases

True

True or false. When there is heat there is water vapor

True

True or False. When there is more water vapor in the atmosphere, it contributes to global warming because it is a greenhouse gas (has the ability to absorb long wave radiation and then radiate it back to the atmosphere)

Tectonic activites, vegetation, soil, wetlands, oceans, sinks

sources of water vapor

volanic eruptions, vegetation

examples of water vapor

False. It also keeps the earth warm, comfortable and livable

True or False. The greenhouse effect is always a bad thing.

environmental and health effects, environmental degradation, food scarcity, continuous heating of the earth

the effects of intensive human activities and greenhouse gases

True

True or false. Brazil's carbon emission's rose in 2019 with Amazon deforestation

Amazon Forest

Considered as the lungs of the earth, for it taken out roughly 90-140 tons of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Use renewable energy, use energy-saving lightbulbs, electronics, use non-toxic household products

How to reduce carbon emissions