Mood Disorders, Suicide, and Substance-Related Disorders

These flashcards cover key concepts related to mood disorders, suicide, and substance-related disorders, including definitions of disorders, warning signs, and myths surrounding suicide.

Suicide Myths

discussing it will encourage it or that those who attempt are simply seeking attention.

Stigma around suicide

Negative societal attitudes surrounding suicide, often viewing it as selfish or attention-seeking.

Red Flags for Suicide

Warning signs indicating potential suicide risk, including previous attempts and access to means.

Mood Disorders

Psychological conditions characterized by gross deviations in mood, such as major depressive and manic episodes.

Major Depressive Episode

Period of extreme depressed mood lasting at least two weeks, with additional symptoms like fatigue and worthlessness.

Manic Episode

A distinct period of abnormally elevated mood lasting at least one week, with increased energy and impulsiveness.

Hypomanic Episode

Shorter and less severe version of a manic episode, lasting at least four days with milder symptoms.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)

Chronic depressive symptoms lasting at least two years without major depressive episodes.

DSM-5 Criteria for major depressive disorder

Depressed mood most of the day for at least two years, plus symptoms like low self-esteem and poor concentration.

Complicated Grief

A prolonged and intense form of grief that disrupts normal functioning.

Substance Use Disorder

Use of substances in a manner that leads to significant impairment or distress.

Tolerance

The need for increased amounts of a substance to achieve the same effect.

Withdrawal

Physical symptoms experienced when discontinuing a substance after regular use.

Stimulants

Drugs that increase alertness and energy, such as cocaine and amphetamines.

Depressants

Substances that reduce neural activity and slow down body functions, such as alcohol.

Opioids

Natural and synthetic drugs affecting the opiate receptors in the brain to relieve pain and induce euphoria.

ARFID (Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder)

Food intake disorder characterized by limited volume or variety of food intake due to sensory sensitivities.

Binge Eating Disorder

Recurring episodes of binge eating without the compensatory behaviors seen in bulimia.

Anorexia Nervosa

Eating disorder characterized by extreme weight loss and an intense fear of gaining weight.

Bulimia Nervosa

Eating disorder marked by recurring episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as purging.

Hallucinogens

LSD (most common), psilocybin, mescaline, PCP

Effects of opioids

Low doses induce euphoria, drowsiness, and slowed breathing, High doses can result in death

Withdrawal is characterized by

apathy and boredom > leads to desire to use again

Effects of cocaine

increased energy, euphoria, decreased appetite, and heightened alertness; high doses can lead to anxiety and cardiovascular issues.

DSM-5 criteria for stimulant intoxication

significant impairment or psychological changes and accompanied by physical changes (e.g., change in HR/BP, dilated pupils, weight loss, vomiting, weakness, chills)

Sedatives

calming (e.g., barbiturates)

hypnotic

sleep enducing

Anxiolytic

anxiety reducing (e.g., benzodiazepines)

Effects of chronic alcohol use are

varied and can include liver damage, brain impairment, and increased risk of depression.

Psychological and physiological effects of alcohol

can lead to dependency, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms, creating significant health issues and social challenges.

Withdrawal is 

Physical response when substance is discontinued after regular use