Ethics and Moral Development: Culture and Moral Behavior

Flashcards covering the definitions of culture, cultural processes, and specific Filipino cultural values, dances, and festivals based on the lecture transcript.

Culture (Etymology)

Derived from the Latin word "cultus," meaning "care," and the French word "colere," meaning "to till."

Culture (General)

The sum total of the learned behavior of a group of people, transmitted from generation to generation as tradition.

Culture (Social Learning)

In its broadest sense, it is cultivated behavior consisting of the totality of a person's learned, accumulated experience which is socially transmitted.

Cultural norms

Shared, sanctioned, and integrated systems of beliefs and practices that act as prescriptions for correct and moral behavior while providing a sense of integrity and belonging.

Material culture

Physical objects, resources, and spaces created and used by people, such as tools, clothing, buildings, artwork, and technology.

Non-material culture

Nonphysical ideas about culture including beliefs, values, rules, norms, morals, and language; also known as symbol culture.

Subculture

A group within a larger society possessing unique values, beliefs, or behaviors that distinguish it from the dominant culture.

Counterculture

A type of subculture whose members deliberately reject or oppose the beliefs, values, or norms of the dominant culture.

Enculturation

The lifelong process of learning and adopting the values, beliefs, norms, and behaviors of one's own culture, beginning in childhood.

Inculturation

The process where the Christian faith or Gospel is integrated into a particular culture while respecting and preserving its positive values and traditions.

Acculturation

The cultural and psychological changes occurring when groups from different cultures have continuous first-hand contact, affecting the original patterns of one or both groups.

Assimilation

The process by which individuals or groups gradually adopt the culture of another group, often losing aspects of their original cultural identity.

Accommodation

The process of adjusting to cultural or social differences to reduce conflict and achieve peaceful coexistence without abandoning one's own identity.

Ethnocentrism

The tendency to view one's own culture and customs as superior and to evaluate other cultures using the standards of one's own culture.

Xenocentrism

The belief that one's own culture is inferior and that the products, ideas, values, or practices of another culture are superior.

Smooth interpersonal relationship

The ideal center of Filipino cultural morality regarding social ethics.

Pakikisama

A Filipino value of maintaining good public relations and avoiding clash with others, often at all costs, to keep good feelings in personal interactions.

Hiya

A feeling of lowliness, shame, or embarrassment related to the concept of "face" and the concern with how one appears in the eyes of others.

Amor propio

A high degree of sensitivity derived from the concept of "face" that makes a person intolerant of criticism to protect their dignity, honor, or personal pride.

Utang na Loob

A Filipino value of reciprocity and obligation comprised of debts ("utang") and inner-self-free will ("na-loob"), often beginning with an unsolicited gift.

Filipino Hospitality

The innate trait of Filipinos to be warm, welcoming, courteous, and entertaining to guests, though it can make them prone to abuse.

Respect to Elders

Expressed in the Philippines through the use of "po" and "opo" and the practice of "pagmamano" (putting the elder's hand to one's forehead).

Tinikling

The national dance of the Philippines, originated in Leyte, where dancers step between moving bamboo poles to imitate the tikling bird.

Cariñosa

A Spanish-influenced folk dance from Panay Island representing courtship, love, and modesty, typically using fans or handkerchiefs.

Kuratsa

A lively courtship dance from Samar and Leyte that imitates the playful movements of a rooster courting a hen.

Balitaw

A traditional Visayan courtship dance and song from Cebu and Bohol where a man and woman exchange witty verses.

Subli

A devotional religious dance from Batangas performed in honor of the Mahal na Poong Santa Cruz (Holy Cross).

Singkil

A royal Maranao dance from Lanao del Sur based on the epic Darangen, telling the story of Princess Gandingan escaping an earthquake.

Pandanggo sa Ilaw

A dance from Mindoro originating from the Spanish Fandango where dancers showcase balance by carrying lighted lamps.

Sua-Ku-Sua

A Tausug dance from Sulu meaning "My Pomelo Tree," imitating the swaying of trees and birds using colorful fans.

Sinulog Festival

A festival in Cebu that honors the Santo Niño (Child Jesus) through street dancing and religious processions.

Ati-Atihan Festival

Known as the "Mother of All Philippine Festivals," held in Kalibo, Aklan to honor the Santo Niño and remember the Ati people.

Dinagyang Festival

An Iloilo City festival celebrating the Santo Niño through tribal dance competitions and elaborate costumes.

Panagbenga Festival

Baguio City's Flower Festival celebrating the local flora and recovery from the $1990$ Luzon earthquake.

Kadayawan Festival

A festival in Davao City celebrating cultural diversity, local harvest, and indigenous traditions.

Sandugo Festival

A Tagbilaran City celebration commemorating the blood compact between Datu Sikatuna and Miguel López de Legazpi.

Kaamulan Festival

A Bukidnon festival honoring the culture and traditions of the seven indigenous tribes of the province.

Machismo culture

A cultural influence in the Philippines resulting in a patriarchal system where boys and girls are often treated unequally.