Unit 5A Mental and Physical Health

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of psychological disorders 5-TR (DSM)

reference book used to diagnose mental health and brain-related conditions and disorders

International Classification of Mental Disorders (ICD)

globally recognized system, published by the World Health Organization (WHO), that provides a standardized diagnostic tool for classifying all diseases

Diathesis-Stress Model

psychological theory that suggests a mental disorder develops when a person with a pre-existing vulnerability or predisposition ("diathesis") experiences significant stress from life events, meaning both genetic predisposition and environmental stressors contribute to the development of a disorde

Biopsychosocial Model

perspective that views human behavior and health as a result of the complex interactions between biological factors (genetics, brain chemistry), psychological factors (thoughts, emotions, behaviors), and social factors (culture, relationships, environment) within an individual

Agoraphobia

anxiety disorder characterized by a significant fear or anxiety about situations where escape might be difficult or help may not be readily available, often leading individuals to avoid places like crowded areas, public transportation, or open spaces, due to the fear of experiencing panic-like symptoms or feeling trapped

Panic Disorder

recurrent and unexpected episodes of intense fear or panic attacks w/o clear cause

Delusions (positive)

believing you have powers, are being watched, better than everyone else

Hallucinations (positive)

might hear voices, see things that are not there

Catatonic Stupor (negative)

refers to state where person exhibits extreme unresponsiveness, lack of movement, minimal speech

Dopamine Hypothesis

theory that schizophrenia is primarily caused by excessive levels of dopamine activity in brain

Schizoid P.D.

pattern of detachment from social relationships, a lack of interest in forming close connections with others, and a limited range of emotions, often causing individuals to appear aloof, distant, and disengaged in social interactions

Schizotypical P.D.

consistent pattern of intense discomfort with close relationships and social interactions - distorted views of reality, superstitions and unusual behaviors

Paranoid P.D.

pattern of distrust and suspicion towards others, where individuals often interpret actions as threatening or demeaning, even when there's no evidence to support their suspicions, leading them to believe others are out to harm them

Histrionic P.D.

pattern of excessive attention-seeking behavior, often manifested through dramatic, exaggerated emotional displays, and inappropriate seductive or provocative behavior to be the center of attention

Anti-Social P.D.

disregarding and violating the rights of others, often manifesting as manipulative, deceitful, and reckless behavior with a lack of remorse or empathy, frequently involving criminal activity and disregard for social norms;

Obsessive-Compulsive P.D.

different from OCD b/c no intrusive thoughts or repetitive behaviors

Eclectic Approach

psychologist "picking and choosing" the most effective strategies from different approaches depending on the situation

Cultural Norms (deviations)

when someone acts in a way that goes against the established social standards of their group

General Adaptation Syndrome

describing how the body reacts to stress, including an initial "alarm" stage, a "resistance" stage where the body attempts to adapt, and finally an "exhaustion" stage if the stressor persists too long

Health Psychology

the study of how psychological factors, including thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, influence a person's physical health, including how these factors can contribute to illness, promote wellness, and impact how individuals respond to health conditions

Tend and Befriend Theory

individuals cope by nurturing and protecting their young ("tending") while simultaneously seeking social support and strengthening connections with others ("befriending") to navigate a perceived threat; essentially, prioritizing caregiving and social affiliation over fight-or-flight mechanisms

Bi Polar 1 Disorder

extreme mood swings between periods of mania (intensely elevated mood, energy, and activity) and depressive episodes, where a person experiences significant lows in mood, with the defining feature being the presence of at least one full-blown manic episode that disrupts daily functioning

Bi Polar 2 Disorder

recurring episodes of major depression alongside periods of hypomania, but without experiencing full-blown manic episodes

Autism Spectrum Disorder

neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in social communication and interaction, along with restricted or repetitive behaviors, interests, or activities

Dissociation

disconnection between a person's thoughts, memories, feelings, and sense of self, can manifest in various ways, including forgetting how you got somewhere or experiencing a distorted sense of reality

Borderline P.D.

instability in relationships, self-image, and emotions, often leading to impulsive behaviors and a fear of abandonment

Dissociative Amnesia

response to trauma or stress, involves memory loss, often of a specific period or events, without a physical cause

Dissociative Identity Disorder

presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states that alternate in controlling the individual's behavior

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

persistent and excessive worry about a variety of events or activities, making it difficult to control these worries, which can significantly impact daily functioning

Major Depressive Disorder

persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest or pleasure in activities