Unit 1 (10) Study Guide

Charter of Carolina, 1663

A document granted by Charles the Second giving power to the Lords Proprietors to enact laws with the advice and assent of the province's freemen or their delegates.

Treaty of Paris (1763)

A treaty that encouraged dissension between Anglo-American colonists and the British Government, banning settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Canasatego

An Iroquois leader who in 1742 noted that Native American lands were everlasting and valuable, while the goods received for them were quickly worn out.

Battles of Trenton and Princeton

Engagements in 1776 and 1777 where the Continental Army achieved victory by effectively employing an element of surprise in its attacks.

Abigail Adams

The writer of a 1776 letter seeking to 'Remember the Ladies' and urging for more rights for women in their marriages and political equality.

Loyalists

Colonists who often resented the Patriots for their willingness to violate individual rights during the revolutionary period.

Treaty of Paris (1783) Territorial Provisions

The agreement awarding the United States territory between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mississippi River, leading to American Indian hostility without British military support.

First Continental Congress

A meeting that led to the formation of committees in many communities, increasing the political activity of common people throughout the colonies.

Common Sense

A publication that had a direct influence over the writing of the Declaration of Independence.

Thomas Paine

An author who argued that an American republic could inspire people to reject rule by aristocrats and kings.

Battles of Lexington and Concord, 1775

Initial Revolutionary War battles where minutemen caught the British off-guard by attacking the retreating troops all along the route back to Boston.

Townshend Acts

Taxes placed on British-produced tea, china, glass, paper, and paint, which the British expected colonists to pay because these items were difficult to produce locally.

Baron von Steuben

A military figure whose drilling efforts enabled Continental soldiers to improve their skills and fight off the British at Monmouth, New Jersey.

Proclamation of 1763

A British government attempt to solve conflicts with American Indians by banning colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Wise and salutary neglect

A British policy prior to the French and Indian War, described by Edmund Burke, which allowed American colonists to avoid paying taxes on imports while their economy developed independently.

Sons of Liberty

A group described by Loyalist Anne Hulton in 1768 as 'Sons of Violence' who attacked tax officials, broke windows, and used force to defend their property and liberties.

Albany Plan of Union

A proposed continental assembly meant to coordinate common defense and Indian alliances; it was rejected because colonists feared a loss of power and the British government feared the colonies would become too strong.

Declaration of Independence

A 1776 document stating that Patriot leaders believed it was no longer possible to remain part of the British Empire because the King had become a tyrant who ignored their petitions.

Treaty of Paris

The agreement ending the Revolutionary War that approximately doubled the territory controlled by the Patriots.

Battle of Saratoga

The conflict that successfully brought foreign support to the Patriots during the Revolutionary War.

Manumission

The practice of freeing enslaved people, which many southern whites opposed after the Revolution due to fears that freed individuals would seek revenge.

Virginia Resolves

Legislative measures based on Patrick Henry's fundamental assumption that taxation without representation is illegitimate.

Pontiac's Rebellion

An uprising led by an Ottawa leader against British forts to resist colonial settlement and attempt to lure French forces back to North America.

Sugar Act

A post-French and Indian War law that lowered duties on foreign molasses but enforced tax collection strictly and moved smuggling trials to admiralty courts without juries.

1778 British War Strategy

A shift in military operations to the South, where the British focused on recruiting Loyalists rather than conducting a full-scale campaign against the Continental Army.

British Advantages vs. Colonial Disadvantages

While Great Britain was a manufacturing leader with well-supplied troops, the colonies lacked manufacturing infrastructure, had no authority to collect taxes, and had untrained, hungry soldiers.

U.S. Territory Challenge (after Treaty of Paris)

The problem of dealing with American Indian hostility in the territory between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mississippi River without British military support.

Thomas Paine's American Republic

A governing concept intended to inspire people to reject rule by aristocrats and kings.

Preliminary Articles of Peace (1782)

A document indicating that American negotiators hoped for a mutually beneficial trade relationship between Britain and the United States.

British Naval Blockades (French and Indian War)

A strategy used to cut off French supplies to France's American Indian allies, undermining their advantage.