set 3

George Marshall

U.S. Secretary of State after WWII who initiated the European Recovery Program (Marshall Plan) to help rebuild Western Europe.

War Production Board (WPB)

Increased U.S. war production, though faced challenges with raw material supplies.

War Manpower Commission (WMC)

Managed labor resources during the war, helping to train unskilled workers and overcome shortages.

Office of Production Management (OPM)

Regulated production and supply for national defense from 1941.

Supplies Priorities and Allocation Board

Coordinated material allocation for war efforts, ensuring that both U.S. and allied forces received necessary supplies.

Office of Price Administration (OPA)

Controlled prices and rents to combat inflation during WWII.

Lend-Lease Program

Provided aid to countries like the UK, USSR, and Brazil, helping them during the war while boosting U.S. industry.

The New Deal

A set of policies introduced by Roosevelt during the Depression to reduce unemployment and stabilize the economy.

European Recovery Program (Marshall Plan)

Financial aid program launched by George Marshall in 1947 to help European nations recover from the war.

U.S. Economic Growth

By the end of WWII, the U.S. became the most powerful economy in the world, with full employment and strong domestic and foreign markets.

U.S. Global Influence

The U.S. aided its allies through the Lend-Lease Program, boosting its global influence and positioning itself as a post-war economic leader.

Industrial Expansion

The U.S. expanded its industrial base significantly during the war, producing a large portion of the world's manufacturing goods by 1945.

Unemployment during the Depression

Unemployment fell to 16.9% in 1936 due to the New Deal but rose to 19% in 1937-38 before the war ended the Depression.

Industrial Output

By 1944, the U.S. produced 25% of the UK's military equipment.

U.S. gross national product

Grew from about $200 billion in 1940 to $300 billion in 1950.

WMC Training

Over 1.5 million workers were trained during the war to overcome labor shortages.

OPA

Controlled 90% of retail food prices and residential rents by 1945, keeping inflation to an average of 3.5% during 1942-46.

War Bonds

By 1945, about 85 million Americans had purchased almost $200 billion worth of war bonds.

Marshall Plan

By 1951, the U.S. had given $13 billion to European governments for post-war recovery.

Harry S. Truman

U.S. President after Franklin D. Roosevelt's death in April 1945, played a central role in post-war U.S. policy.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

U.S. President until his death in April 1945, established diplomatic relations with the USSR and supported its wartime effort.

Joseph Stalin

Leader of the Soviet Union who sought to secure Soviet influence in Eastern Europe post-war.

Winston Churchill

British Prime Minister during WWII, involved in post-war peace negotiations and wary of Stalin's intentions.

Robert Taft

U.S. Senator and co-sponsor of the Taft-Hartley Act, which restricted the power of labor unions.

Fred Hartley

U.S. Representative and co-sponsor of the Taft-Hartley Act.

Harry Hopkins

Trusted adviser to Roosevelt, served as chief envoy to Moscow.

U.S. Government

Played a central role in the post-war economic transition through policies like the GI Bill and the Employment Act of 1946.

United Nations (UN)

International organization founded after WWII, involving the U.S. and the USSR among others.

U.S. Labor Unions

Increased in power after WWII, leading to widespread strikes for better wages and working conditions.

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

A military alliance formed in 1949 between the U.S., UK, Canada, and other European countries.

COMECON (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance)

Soviet economic organization formed in response to the Marshall Plan.

COMINFORM (Communist Information Bureau)

Soviet-dominated organization of communist parties.

Atlantic Charter

Agreement between the U.S. and UK during WWII, promoting global cooperation and peace.

Truman Doctrine

U.S. policy aimed at containing communism by supporting countries threatened by Soviet expansion.

Taft-Hartley Act

Restricted labor unions' power, requiring strike notice, and limiting unfair labor practices.

Employment of Returning Soldiers

Almost 10 million service people sought civilian jobs in 1945-1946.

GI Bill of Rights

Provided $14 billion in aid by 1951, with almost 8 million veterans using educational benefits.

Strikes in 1945

4,750 strikes, 3,470,000 workers involved, 38 million strike days.

Labor Unions in 1945

Over 14 million union members in 1945.

Women in Workforce

By the end of 1946, 2.5 million fewer women were employed compared to during the war.