Biology Chap. 3

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to carbohydrates and lipids, which are essential concepts in biochemistry.

Monosaccharides

The simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar molecules.

Hexoses

Monosaccharides that contain six carbon atoms.

Glucose

A hexose that is a primary source of energy for cells.

Fructose

A hexose that is often found in fruits and is an isomer of glucose.

Galactose

A hexose that combines with glucose to form lactose.

Disaccharides

Carbohydrates formed from two monosaccharides bonded together.

Sucrose

A disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose.

Lactose

A disaccharide made of glucose and galactose.

Polysaccharides

Carbohydrates that are made up of long chains of monosaccharides.

Amylose

A type of polysaccharide made of linear chains of glucose.

Amylopectin

A branched type of polysaccharide made of glucose.

Glycogen

A highly branched polysaccharide that serves as animal energy storage.

Cellulose

A polysaccharide that forms the structure of plant cell walls.

Glycosidic Linkage

The bond formed between two monosaccharides via dehydration synthesis.

Dehydration Synthesis

A chemical reaction that combines two molecules by losing water.

Hydrophilic

Substances that are attracted to water and can dissolve in it.

Hydrophobic

Substances that repel water and do not dissolve in it.

Triglyceride

A type of fat formed from glycerol and three fatty acids.

Phospholipid

A lipid that has a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails, forming cell membranes.

Steroid

Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton with four fused rings.

Cholesterol

A type of steroid that stabilizes cell membranes and serves as a precursor for other steroids.