6.6: Solution Concentration

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to solution concentration and colligative properties as discussed in the lecture.

Solution Concentration

• amount of solute present in a specific amount of solvent or solution

Concentrated

• relatively large amount of solute

Dilute

• relatively small amount of solute.

Mass Percent (%)

• mass of solute per 100 mass units of solution.

Molarity (M)

• moles of solute per liter of solution.

• moles of solute / liters of solution

Molality (m)

• moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

• grams solute / MW solute /// (grams solvent / 1000)

Colligative Properties

• physical properties of solutions dependent on concentration of solute particles, not their chemical identity

Vapor Pressure Lowering

• vapor pressure of a solvent decreases when a non-volatile solute is added

• solute particles occupy SA which reduces solvent evaporation

Raoult's Law

• P_solution = P_solvent⁰ * X_solvent

• the vapor pressure of a solution

Boiling Point Elevation

• boiling point of a solution is higher than the pure solvent

• solution’s lower vapor pressure requires higher temps to reach atmospheric pressure/boiling point

Freezing Point Depression

• freezing point of a solution is lower than the pure solvent

• solute particles get in way of solvent molecules trying to organize into crystal lattice

Kf

• molality freezing point depression constant specific to the solvent

• 1.86ºC

Kb

• molality boiling point elevation constant specific to the solvent

• 0.51ºC

Major Colligative Properties

• vapor pressure lowering

• boiling point elevation

• freezing point depression