mid term quizzes

quizzes 1-7

The nineteenth century in the West was characterized by what type of revolution

industrial, political, and cultural

Across Europe and the Americas, wars of independence inspired by Enlightenment principles resulted in the fall of absolutist monarchies which were replaced by: 

republics, constitutional monarchies, and dictatoriships

T o F, Art in the West became more democratic during the nineteenth century. 

true

Before the modernizations and revolutions of the nineteenth century, many Western artists relied heavily upon the precedents of:

ancient Greek art

Modern art and design was exhibited at:

artisis’ studios, tents, rented halls

Who was Vigee-Lebrun's most important patron?

Queen Marie-Antoinette

The new common ground between artist and audience in the 1780s and '90s in France can be defined by the terms:

patriotism and virtue

T or F, David sometimes by-passed the French Academy's Salons by having his own viewings of his works.

true

Which was David's breakthrough painting at the Salon?

The Oath of the Horatii

For artists trained in the French academy, the _______________ was one of the most important things to master. 

male nude

t or f, David refused to paint for Napoleon 

false

t o f, David was never involved in French radical political leadership.

false

The two women admitted to the French academy in the late 18th century dominated the genre of ___________________. 

portraiture

t o f, Gericault's painting, The Raft of the Medusa, was based on true events. 

true

Ingres often imitated many styles or sources, called:

pastiche

During the Restoration period in France, the restored monarch most favored paintings that depicted:

the history and legitimacy of the Bourbon family

t o f, Patrons from across Europe competed for the talents of the French Classicists

True

t of, Delacroix's painting, The Massacre at Schio, was based on true events.

true

An extremely sought-after sculptor in the early nineteenth century was:

Canova

t o f Theodore Gericault was a bit of an outsider, often relying on his own means to finance his artworks and trips to study art. 

true

Who is Marianne?

The female symbol of the French Republic adopted during the French Revolution

t o f, Salon exhibitions at the French Academy were free and open to everyone.

true

t o f, Gericault's painting, The Raft of the Medusa, was based on true events.

true

t o f, Patrons from across Europe competed for the talents of the French Classicists.

true

t o f, Delacroix's painting, The Massacre at Schio, was based on true events. 

true

What upset the progress of the Spanish Enlightenment, Spanish political stability, and Goya's artistic career?

The French Revolution

Who was Goya's patron in Spain?

aristocracy, clergy, monarchy

Goya's painting, The Third of May, depict the pueblo rising up to try to defeat:

The French

t o f, Goya's artwork was censored during his lifetime.

true

t o f, Goya did not paint political or military events from his own lifetime.

false

t o f, There were no large public Salon exhibitions in Spain during Goya's time.

true

What is Goya's Los Caprichos?

a collection of satirical etchings and aquatints ridiculing the vices of modern Spain

t o f, Goya's series, The Disasters of War, was extremely popular in his own lifetime and brought him wealth and prestige. 

false

The artist/poet William Blake can best be described as:

non-conformist

William Blake started his artistic career as:

an engraver

t o f, William Blake admired the artists James Barry and Henry Fuseli.

true

James Gillray was a prolific:

caricaturist

t o f, William Blake was actively involved in mysticism. 

true

William Blake was considered politically____________ for his time.

radical

t o f, William Blake hoped to be the artistic reformer of Britain.

true

Goya's painting, The Third of May, depict the pueblo rising up to try to defeat:

the French

t o f, Goya focused on depictions of the pueblo for the latter part of his artistic career

true

Goya's 'Black Paintings' were made for:

himself

t o f, Following a serious illness in the early 1790s, Goya's art dramatically changed to a more dark, dramatic, and sometimes terrifying vision. 

true

What is Goya's Los Caprichos?

a collection of satirical etchings and aquatints ridiculing the vices of modern Spain

t o f, For a time, Goya was the Court Painter to King Charles IV of Spain

true

t o f, Goya's series, The Disasters of War, was extremely popular in his own lifetime and brought him wealth and prestige. 

false

t o f, William Blake lived and worked mostly on the margins of the fine art world.

true

t o f, Panoramic views were popular with English picturesque landscape painters.

true

t o f, English painter John Constable was a big proponent of the picturesque landscape.

false

Ruskin locates one of the main causes of incisive English landscape painting as:

nostalgia for the countryside by urbanites

J.M.W. Turner's work was/is often described as:

ambiguous

t o f, Painter J.M.W. Turner regularly depicted the spectacle of industrialization. 

true

J.M.W. Turner was interested in all of the following subjects EXCEPT:

portraiture

t o f, English painter John Constable frequently depicted the economic depression and civil unrest that was part of the agrarian working class.

false

The emergent school of landscape artists in the eastern United States in the first decades of the nineteenth century were largely centered in the:

Hudson River Valley

Caspar David Friedrich's Monk by the Sea (1809-10) is strikingly ________ especially in terms of its reductive pictorial means and ambiuity.

modern

t o f, The landscape paintings of Thomas Cole, Asher Durand, Fitz Henry Lange, and Frederic Church frequently depict large groups of humans which have affected change on the land.

false

The Lukasbund group, including Pforr and Overbeck, were highly influenced by:

Fifteenth century European painting

t o f, Thomas Cole's The Course of Empire (1836) is a type of descriptive landscape painting, accurately depicting contemporary locations.

false

In England, what did the picturesque aesthetic encourage?

interplay between natural and artificial, to evaluate a landscape’s scenic qualities based on its adherence to modes of landscape paintings, scenes from economic growth, variety of servances

t o f, English painter John Constable did not paint his hometown, preferring scenes outside of his personal history. 

false

The influential nineteenth century art English art critic, John Ruskin advocated for ________________ as English art's repository of national artistic genius.

landscape

t o f, Asher Durand's Progress (The Advance of Civilization) (1853) imagines landscape scenes from Ancient Rome civilizations.

false

t o f, George Catlin's traveling 'Indian Gallery' tour through the US and Europe was very popular with the public. 

true

t o f, Painter George Catlin worked in the nation's capital and had American Indians come to him to have their portraits painted. 

false

t o f, In the late nineteenth-century, drawings by Native Americans were not of interest to the US government and public. 

false

In depictions of the personification of the United States in the nineteenth century, the figures were made to look much more _____________than in the eighteenth-century. 

greek

Manifest Destiny refers to the belief that: 

colonists had a christian duty to expand, cololnists had a right as Christinas to expand, conquest and colonization can be justified

t o f, The practice of white men dressing up as Native Americans in the nineteenth century was not uncommon. 

true

t o f, There were not any African American artists before the Civil War

false

Most of Winslow Homer's wartime scenes focused on:

camp life

Many sculptures by Hosmer and Lewis address issues of:

slavery and rebellion

Sculptor Edmonia Lewis went to Rome, along with other American women artists, in order to:

find good marble, work with trained carvers, study collections of classical sculptors

Before the Civil War, common nineteenth-century stereotypes of African Americans in art included all of the following qualities except: 

intellectual and angry

Many of the paintings of African Americans during and immediately after the Civil War focused on:

the flight of slave families from danger

t o f, Native Americans were rarely represented in the nineteenth century.

false

t o f, After the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the removal of indigenous American groups from their native lands became a central goal of US policy. 

true

The personification of the Native American as the New World appeared most frequently in the late eighteenth century as:

a semi-naked 'Indian Queen' with classicized features

Henry Ossawa Tanner left the US for France in order to find:

less racism

t o f, Winslow Homer's painters were generally well received when publicly exhibited. 

true

t o f, The Paris workers (proletaires) who fought in the July Revolution (of 1830) were not satisfied with the way things turned out in the years following, and continued to fight for rights to work, fair wages, etc. 

true

t o f, The institution of slavery was re-established in French colonies during the Napoleonic regime and maintained under the Bourbon Restoration and Second Empire.

true

The following qualities are the pillars of the _____________ policy. 

• Freedom and order

• Democracy and stability

• Science and  faith,

• Progress and business as usual

juste milieu

Ingres portrait, M. Louis-Francois Bertin (1832) represents which class of person? 

bourgeois

Who had the political policy of juste milieu (golden mean)?

Louis Philippe

The hybrid, historical genre painting (genre historique) was:

emphasize great men of history, emphasize every day beliefs, and manners of regular people of the past, easel size

t o f, Delacroix never traveled to North Africa despite depicting it. 

false

François Rude's sculptural relief, The Departure of the Volunteers of 1792, is located on:

The Arc de Triomph

t o f, Nineteenth century Orientalist artists played a role in propagating racism with their imaginative images of North Africa

true

t o f, John Everett Millais painting, Christ in the House of His Parents, 1850 was one of the most well-liked paintings done by a member of the PRB.

false

t o f, The PRBs did not exhibit at the Royal Academy 

false

t o f, PRB artwork was often moralistic

true

t o f, 1848-1850 saw a series of revolutions and uprisings throughout Europe led by the working class. 

true

In the late 1840s in France, the term Realism referred to:

form: hyper-realistic, photo-realistic style

t o f, Daguerre was photography's only inventor. 

false

t o f, From its inception, photography was understood to be a 'fine art.'

false

t o f, The earliest cameras required up to hours-long exposure times. 

true

Who has been called 'the father of art photography' among those working in Britain?

Oscar Gustav Rejlander

t o f, Julia Margaret Cameron was an early advocate of the medium as an art.

true