A and P exam 2

Which of the following correctly describes the periosteum?

a. shaft of the bone containing compact bone tissue

b. open space containing yellow bone marrow

c. protective covering surrounding bone, containg blood vessels and nerves

d. ends of bones containing spongy bone, red bone marrow, and trabeculae

c. protective covering surrounding bone, containg blood vessels and nerves

Which of the bone conditions is more likely to occur in post-

menopausal women than in older men?

a. Osteopenia

b. Osteoporosis

c. Paget's disease

d. Rickets

b. Osteoporosis

Which statement about compact and spongy bone is true?

a. Spongy bone does not contain osteocytes.

b. Spongy bone is found in the diaphysis of long bones.

c. Compact bone is made up of trabeculae.

d. Compact bone provides strength, while spongy bone reduces weight and supports marrow.

d. Compact bone provides strength, while spongy bone reduces weight and supports marrow.

Which structure serves as the protective outer covering of a long bone and contains numerous blood vessels and nerves?

a. Articular cartilage

b. medullary cavity

c. Periosteum

d. Endosteum

c. Periosteum

What is the function of articular cartilage on the epiphyses?

a. Stores yellow marrow

b. Provides a smooth surface for joint movement

c. Supports blood vessel growth

d. Protects the periosteum

b. Provides a smooth surface for joint movement

Which of the following is the inorganic component of bone tissue?

a. red bone marrow

b. yellow bone marrow

c. calcium phosphate (hydroxyappetite)

d. collagen

c. calcium phosphate (hydroxyappetite)

Which of these types of bone fractures is most likely to occur in the skull bones?

a. Comminuted fractures

b. Spiral fractures

c. Depression fractures

d. Greenstick fractures

e. Epiphyseal fractures

c. Depression fractures

Which of the following is the organic component of bone tissue, absorbing mechanical stress and making it less likely to shatter?

a. red bone marrow

b. collagen

c. yellow bone marrow

d. calcium phosphate (hydroxyappetite)

b. collagen

Which of the following correctly describes the diaphysis?

a. open space containing yellow bone marrow

b. protective covering surrounding bone, containg blood vessels and nerves

c. ends of bones containing spongy bone, red bone marrow, and trabeculae

d. shaft of the bone containing compact bone tissue

d. shaft of the bone containing compact bone tissue

Which of the following is found in the center of an osteon and contains blood vessels and nerves?

a. Lacuna

b. Canaliculi

c. Lamellae

d. Haversian canal

d. Haversian canal

Which of these types of bone fractures is most common in elderly patients?

a. Comminuted fractures

b. Epiphyseal fractures

c. Greenstick fractures

d. Spiral fractures

a. Comminuted fractures

When blood calcium levels are too high, the thyroid gland secretes ___. This decreases osteoclast activity, allowing more calcium to be stored in bone.

a. parathyroid hormone

b. growth hormone (GH)

c. calcitonin

d. testosterone

c. calcitonin

Based on the image above, which statement is TRUE?

Incorrect answer:

a. This patient has an epiphyseal line, so they are done growing.

b. This patient has an epiphyseal plate, so they are done growing.

c. This patient has an epiphyseal line, so they are still growing.

d. This patient has an epiphyseal plate, so they are still growing.

d. This patient has an epiphyseal plate, so they are still growing.

Which of the following bone conditions is the normal, age-related bone loss that occurs in all people as they get older?

a. Rickets

b. Osteopenia

c. Paget's disease

d. Osteoporosis

b. Osteopenia

Which of the bone conditions is caused by low Vitamin D levels in the bloodstream?

a. Rickets

b. Osteopenia

c. Osteoporosis

d. Paget's disease

a. Rickets

Which of these types of bone fractures is most common in young patients?

a. Comminuted fractures

b. Greenstick fractures

c. Spiral fractures

d. Compression fractures

b. Greenstick fractures

Interstitial growth allows bones to grow in

length

while appositional growth allows bones to grow in

width

.

length and width

Which of the following is not a function of bone tissue?

a. triglyceride storage

b. Vitamin D synthesis

c. structural support

d. hematopoiesis

b. Vitamin D synthesis

Which of the following correctly describes the medullary cavity?

a. open space containing yellow bone marrow

b. shaft of the bone containing compact bone tissue

c. protective covering surrounding bone, containg blood vessels and nerves

d. ends of bones containing spongy bone, red bone marrow, and trabeculae

a. open space containing yellow bone marrow

Which of the following correctly describes the epiphysis?

a. ends of bones containing spongy bone, red bone marrow, and trabeculae

b. protective covering surrounding bone, containg blood vessels and nerves

c. open space containing yellow bone marrow

d. shaft of the bone containing compact bone tissue

a. ends of bones containing spongy bone, red bone marrow, and trabeculae

What is the first step in fracture repair?

a. bone remodeling

b. formation of a fibrocartilage callus

c. formation of a bony callus

d. formation of a hematoma

d. formation of a hematoma

Which of these types of bone fractures is most likely to be caused by sports injuries?

a. Spiral fractures

b. Depression fractures

c. Compression fractures

d. Greenstick fractures

e. Epiphyseal fractures

a. Spiral fractures

Which component of bone tissue provides the hardness and structure?

a. collagen

b. red bone marrow

c. yellow bone marrow

d. calcium phosphate (hydroxyappetite)

d. calcium phosphate (hydroxyappetite)

Which of these bones is part of the cranial skeleton?

a. Palatine

b. Vomer

c. Nasal conchae

d. Sphenoid

e. Ethmoid

d. Sphenoid

Which of the following are examples of condylar joints? (select all that apply)

a. intercarpal joints

b. radiocarpal joints

c. carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

d. suture joints

e. metacarpophalangeal joints

b. radiocarpal joints, e. metacarpophalangeal joints

How many bones make up the appendicular skeleton?

a. 46

b. 206

c. 80

d. 126

e. 32

d. 126

The pectoral girdle is more stable that the pelvic girdle.

a. True

b. False

c. Neither

d. Both equally

e. Cannot be determined

b. False

Which of the following best defines a joint in the human body?

a. A structure that connects muscles to bones for movement

b. A point where two or more bones meet, allowing for movement or stability

c. A rigid connection between two bones that prevents movement

d. A soft tissue that cushions organs within the body

e. A fluid-filled cavity protecting tendons

b. A point where two or more bones meet, allowing for movement or stability

Which of the following is included in the pelvic girdle? (select all that apply)

a. pubis

b. ischium

c. sacrum

d. ilium

e. coccyx

a. pubis, b. ischium, d. ilium

The girdle includes the scapula and the clavicle.

a. shoulder

b. pelvic

c. hirdle

d. pectoral

e. axial

d. pectoral

An exaggerated lumbar curve is known as...

a. scoliosis

b. lumbarosis

c. kyphosis

d. lordosis

e. stenosis

d. lordosis

Which type of bones are longer than they are wide, and have a lot of compact bone?

a. short bones

b. none of the answer choices are correct

c. long bones

d. flat bones

e. irregular bones

c. long bones

How many total true ribs are in the thoracic cage?

a. 6

b. 8

c. 14

d. 4

e. 12

c. 14

True ribs are ribs that are directly attached to the sternum through their costal cartilage.

a. True

b. False

c. Partially

d. Indirectly

e. Not attached

a. True

Which of the following is not a facial bone?

a. mandible

b. sphenoid bone

c. nasal

d. zygomatic

e. maxilla

b. sphenoid bone

The axis is superior to the atlas on the spinal column.

a. True

b. False

c. Adjacent

d. Interlocked

e. Synonymous

b. False

Which part of the pelvic girdle varies the most between males and females?

a. ischium

b. pubis

c. sacrum

d. ilium

e. acetabulum

b. pubis

Which of the following is the inferior bone of the pelvic girdle?

a. pubis

b. ischium

c. hip base

d. ilium

e. sacrum

b. ischium

How many thoracic vertebrae are in the spinal column?

a. 7

b. 9

c. 5

d. 12

d. 12

The are open spaces inside four skull bones.

a. optic canals

b. foramen magnum

c. skull sutures

d. paranasal sinuses

d. paranasal sinuses

Which of the following is true of osteoarthritis? (select all that apply)

a. the articular cartilage softens and degenerates

b. it develops quickly

c. it is reversible

d. bone spurs develop on exposed bone tissue

a. the articular cartilage softens and degenerates, d. bone spurs develop on exposed bone tissue

The articular capsule of a synovial joint

a. is a cartilaginous capsule that holds bones together.

b. are found only in cranial bones.

c. has a synovial membrane that produces synovial fluid.

d. contains an internal capsule which is highly innervated.

c. has a synovial membrane that produces synovial fluid.

The hyoid bone is involved in which of the following processes? (select all that apply)

a. hearing

b. seeing

c. swallowing

d. speaking

c. swallowing, d. speaking

The bifid spinous process is found on which type of vertebrae?

a. thoracic

b. cervical

c. lumbar

d. all answer choices are correct

b. cervical

Which of the following is not true of the pectoral girdle?

a. the joint is very shallow and poorly reinforced

b. it is highly mobile

c. the clavicles and scapula are anchored to the axial skeleton

d. all of these answer choices are true of the pectoral girdle

c. the clavicles and scapula are anchored to the axial skeleton

Which of the following best describes flexion movement?

a. the angle between bones increases

b. the angle between bones decreases

c. none of these answer choices are correct

d. a bone extends beyond the anatomical position

b. the angle between bones decreases

Ribs are an example of which type of bone?

a. short bones

b. flat bones

c. irregular bones

d. long bones

b. flat bones

Saddle joints are classified as in terms of movement.

a. multiaxial

b. uniaxial

c. biaxial

d. non-axial

c. biaxial

Tendon sheaths are a type of bursae found inside of tendons.

a. True

b. False

b. False