Gait evaluation of the canine

_________ is a series of joint, segment, and whole body movements used for locomotion

gait

each limb goes through a _________

step cycle

what are the 2 phases of the step cycle

• stance phase

• swing phase

the stance phase is the period where the foot is ___________

in contact with the ground

what are the two parts that make up the stance phase

• braking force

• period of propulsion

the _________ is the period where the foot is in the air

swing phase

what 3 parts make up the swing phase

• leg swings backwards

• muscles swing leg forwards

• muscles bring leg back to ground

the cycle of movement that begins with contact of one foot and ends with contact of the same foot is called a _________

stride

what gaits are symmetric

• walk

• trot

• pace

what gaits are asymmetric

• gallop

• canter

what are the 6 basics gaits

• walk

• trot

• transverse and rotary canter

• transverse and rotary gallop

in a walk the ______ is always followed by a ________ of the same side

• pelvic limb

• forelimb

in a walk dogs tend to alternate ____ and ___ feet on the ground

• 2

• 3

what is the only gait where there are 3 feet on the ground at the same time

walk

a trot moves ________ front and rear limbs at the same time

diagonal

because of _________ some breeds use a support trot instead

angulated limbs

what makes a support trot different from a normal trot

one leg on the ground instead of suspension in the air

what is the most mechanically efficient gait

trot

________ tarsi allows for stability when lying down and standing up easily

cow hocked

what breed of dogs have cow hocked tarsi

border collies

what is the best gait for evaluating lameness

trot

why is the trot the best gait for observing lamenes

• only gait where forelimbs and pelvic limbs never assist weight bearing contralateral limb

• symmetrical and slow

the second forelimb or pelvic limb to strike the ground is called the what?

lead leg

what are the 2 types of canters

• rotary

• transverse

in what canter do pelvic and forelimb legs have the same lead leg

transverse canter

in what canter do pelvic leg and forelimb leg have different lead legs

rotary canter

the _______ canter provides great advantage while running

rotary

the _____ has two moments of suspension followed by ________ forelimbs or pelvic limbs

• gallop

• alternately

an _________ is when a dog is walking and begins to speed up gradually

amble

a pace is where ___________?

both limbs on the same side move together

a pace is often seen when _______ dogs speed up

ambling

________ is a result of body structure moving in individual segments

locomotion

a lameness that is difficult to observe and is not consistently apparent is considered what grade?

1

a lameness difficult to observe at a walk, but consistent under certain circumstances is what grade?

2

a lameness that is consistently observed at a trot is what grade

3

a lameness that is more obvious at a walk is what grade

4

minimal to non weigh bearing lame with motion or at rest is what grade

5

what are parts of an objective gait analysis

• temporal characteristics

• electromyographic signals

• kinetics of foot connecting

• kinematics of limb segments

the study of electrical impulses generated in active muscle is known as ________

EMG(electromyography)

a Kinetic gait evaluation ______ the forces of locomotion using measurement systems to evaluate kinetic variables

quantifies

what are the most common methods of kinetic evaluation

• force plate analysis

• TSW(temporospatial pressure sensitive walkways)

a _____ will measure ground reaction forces exerted on the limb

force plate