APUSH Unit 1

How did the first people come to the Americas?

Over a land bridge from Siberia

Where were the Mayans located?

Yucatan Peninsula

What is the capital of the Aztec empire?

Tenochtitlan

What was the prime crop for the Mayans and Aztec

Maize (corn)

Where were the Incas located?

Peru

What was the Incas prime crop?

Potatoes

What was one reason the native societies in North America were smaller and less sophisticated than in South America?

They had a slower spread of cultivation of maize

Name the tribes in the Southwest

Hokokam,Anasazi,Pueblos

How did tribes in the Southwest support farming?

Irrigation Systems

Where did the tribes in the southwest live?

In caves, under cliffs, and in multistoried buildings

What caused the population of the southwestern tribes to decrease?

Extreme drought and hostile natives

What were the houses in the Northwest like?

Longhouses or plank houses

What was the diet of the Northwestern natives?

They hunted and ate fish, nuts, berries, and roots

How did the Northwestern tribes save their stories/myths?

Totem poles

How did the natives in the Great Plains live?

They were nomadic hunters

What was the Great Plains natives primary animal to hunt?

Buffalo

What animal allowed the natives in the Great Plains to follow their food?

Horses

What is the Adena-Hopewell culture famous for?

Earthen mounds

Why did tribes in the Northeast have to move around a lot?

Their farming techniques exhausted the land quickly, so they had to find fresh land

Name the 5 tribes in the Iroquois Confederation

Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, and Mohawk

What inventions aided in exploration?

Compass, printing press, gunpowder

Who defeated the Moors (Islamic invaders in Spain)?

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

What signaled hope and power for Catholic Europeans?

The unification of Spain and the launching of Columbus

What caused religious groups to spread their religion to other continents?

Conflicts between Protestants and Catholics

Who opened the sea route to Asia around Cape of Good Hope and what country was he from?

Henry the Navigator, Portugal

Where did Christopher Columbus land?

The Bahamas

What crops did the Europeans gain from the Americas?

Beans, Corn, Sweet/White Potatoes, Tomatoes, Tobacco

What disease was brought over from the Americas to Europe?

Syphilis

What crops/animals did the Europeans bring to the Americas?

Sugar Cane, Bluegrass, Pigs, Horses

What technology did the Europeans bring to the Americas?

Wheel, Iron Implements, and Guns

What diseases did the Europeans bring to the Americas?

Small pox + measles

How did the line of demarcation divide the Americas?

The west part of the line was Spain’s land, and the east part of the line was Portugal’s land

What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?

It stated that Portugal had claims to Brazil and Spain had claimed to the rest of the Americas

Explain the encomienda system

The king of Spain gave grants to land and natives to Spaniards. The natives had to work on this land and the Spanish had to care for them

Explain the asiento system

The Spanish had to pay a tax to their king on each slave they imported to the Americas

Who was John Cabot?

An Italian sea captain contracted under England. He explored the coast of Newfoundland (Canada)

Why did the French set out to explore?

They hoped to find a passage through the Americas to Asia

Why were the French and English slow to develop colonies?

They were busy with religious conflicts such as Henry VIII’s break from the church and the Catholics vs Protestants

Where was the first permanent French settlement?

Quebec

Who was Henry Hudson?

An English sailor contracted by the Dutch who sailed the Hudson River trying to find a passage from Asia through America

Which company controlled the Hudson River valley area?

The Dutch West India Company

Where is the oldest city in North America founded by Europeans?

St.Augustine, Florida (Spanish)

What caused the Pueblo Revolt?

Spanish priests suppressed Native practices and they demanded labor from them. The Natives them forced the Spanish out, but they returned in 1696- granting the Pueblos more freedom

What caused a large middle class of mixed people in the Spanish hierarchy?

There were not a lot of families coming from Spain, so there were a lot of interracial couples

What did the New Laws of 1542 do?

Laws that ended Native slavery and halted forced labor

What caused conflicts between the Natives and the English?

The English saw the natives as “savages” and the Natives saw their way of life being threatened by the English. Rathering than subjecting them to labor, the English drove the Natives out

What was the French relations with the Natives like?

They kept friendly relations soley for economic gain through fur trading

What is a Corporate colony?

A colony operated by a joint-stock company

What is a Royal colony?

A colony under direct authority and rule of the king

What is a Proprietary colony?

A colony that was under authority of individuals granted charters

How did England gain its reputation as a Naval power?

They defeated the Spanish Armada

What is a joint-stock company?

A company that pooled the savings of investors, spreading the risk

What joint-stock company established Jamestown?

The Virgina Company

Why was there fatal outbreaks of dysentery and malaria in Jamestown?

It was located on a swampy area

Why was starvation a persistent issue in Jamestown?

Whenever there was conflict between the natives and settlers, the natives would stop trading with the settlers

Who helped Jamestown develop tobacco?

John Rolfe and Pocahontas

Why did Virginia become a royal colony?

The Virginia Company went bankrupt

What did the Separatists believe in?

That God guides those he has selected for salvation even before birth

Why did the Separatists (Pilgrims) flee to Holland?

They were facing prosecution under King James I

Why did the Pilgrims leave Holland?

They faced economic hardship and cultural differences

Less than half of the 100 Mayflower passengers were Pilgrims, why were the others on there?

For economic motives

How did the Puritans earn their name?

They wanted to purify the church

Who lead the Puritans to Massachusetts?

John Winthrop

What was the Great Migration?

A movement of settlers to the Massachusetts Bay Colony due to a civil war in England