Chemical Properties and Changes of Matter

These flashcards cover important concepts related to the physical and chemical properties of matter, including definitions of key terms and principles discussed in the lecture.

Physical Property

A descriptive characteristic or measurement that aids in object identification, such as size, color, density, and melting or boiling points.

Physical Change

A change that does not produce a new substance, even though physical properties may change, such as dissolving or phase changes (solid, liquid, gas).

Chemical Property

Describes a substance's ability to react with another substance, including flammability, pH, and reactivity with oxygen.

Chemical Change

A change that produces new substances with new chemical and physical properties, such as a burning smell, rust, explosion, color change, or formation of new matter.

Law of Conservation of Mass

In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed; it is only rearranged into new substances. The mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products.

Pure Substance

A material consisting of only one type of substance with a fixed composition, which includes elements and compounds.

Mixture

A combination of two or more pure substances that are mixed but not chemically combined, allowing for physical separation and a variable composition.

Homogeneous Mixture (Solution)

A mixture that is evenly mixed throughout, with particles that are too small to settle or be seen, such as Kool-Aid or vinegar.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture that is not evenly mixed and may be classified further, including visible particles that do not uniformly distribute.

Colloid

A microscopic heterogeneous mixture that appears homogeneous, such as glue, gelatin, paint, fog, smoke, or milk.

Tyndall Effect

The scattering of light by a colloid, which can be used to distinguish it from a solution.

Suspension

A heterogeneous mixture where visible particles settle out of a fluid, such as muddy water.