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Anachronism
something from a former time which is out of place in the present
Appropriation
refers to the practice of artists using pre-existing objects or images in their art with little transformation of the original
Canonization
adding of a person to am approved list of saints
Chiaroscuro
the shading with light and dark to achieve a sculptural effect
Colossal Order
an architectural element which runs through three stories uninterrupted
Contrapposto
human stance in which the hips and the legs are one way, the shoulders and chest another-it results in a shift in weight which creates tension on one side and relaxation on the other
Di Soto in sù
Italian term meaning “from below upward”
Emulation
involved modeling one’s work after another artist
Endowments
gift of money by a wealthy family to build a chapel as expressions of piety and devotion
Equestrian Statue
featured a person riding horseback (a moveable throne)
Foreshortening
the diminishing of certain dimensions of an object or figure in order to depict it in correct spatial relationship
Humanism
for the Italians this embrace an emphasis on education and expanding knowledge (especially classical antiquity) and an exploration of individual potential and a desire to excel, as well as commitment to civic responsibility and moral duty
Imitation
copying the works of the masters
Linear Perspective
a technique which made it possible to represent three dimensional objects on a flat surface in a systematic way, so that all the lines receding at right angles on the picture plane converge at a vanishing point on the horizon
Martyrs
those who have suffered and died for Christianity
Patrons
wealthy individuals who commissioned numerous art works and buildings. They were heads of princely courts who often hired court artists and their courts were centers of power and culture.
Portrait
a likeness of the person being painted or sculpted
Princely Courts
the prince was in essence the lord of a territory. He could often have been a duke, marquis, cardinal, pope, tyrant or papal vicar
Purgatory
a way station between heaven and hell where persons could atone for their sins before Judgment Day
Renaissance
rebirth of interest in the art, literature, architecture and life of the Greco-Roman world
Saint
person who has demonstrated a dedication to God’s service
Spatial Illusion
an attempt to show three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface
Tactile Value
the painting evokes the memory of the sensation felt from the texture on the painting
Trompe L’oeil
“fool the eye”
