Core - Survey + Rise of Dictatorships after WW1

Treaty of N… with B…

Terms:

Treaty of Neuilly with Bulgaria

• Lost land to Greece

• Army reduced

• 90million (euros) reparations

Treaty of T… with. H

Terms:

Treaty of Trianon with Hungary

• lost land to Romania + Yugoslavia

• Army reduced

• Went bankrupt before reparations agreed

Treaty of S.. G.. with A

Terms:

Treaty of Saint Germain with Austria

• lost land to Czechoslovakia, Poland, Italy

• Army reduced

• Bankrupt before reparations agreed

Treaty of S.. with T..

Terms:

Treaty of Sevres with Turkey

• lost land to Greece

• Gave Turkeys middle eastern empire to Br and Fr

• Limited army numbers

• However, not fully implemented due to Turkish War of Independence and new Treaty signed

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty that ended World War I

• heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany

• Established the League of Nations.

November Criminals

Term used to describe the German politicians who signed the Treaty of Versailles, blamed for Germany's post-war struggles and loss of war

“Stabbed in the back”

Phrase used to describe the belief that Germany could have won but were sabotaged by politicians signing of ToV

Conditions that enabled dictators to rise

1. ToV angered + humiliated nationS

2. Economic issues/Great Depression

3. No of sense of security - strong leader can fill void + provide security

4. Weakness of democracy to fix conditions

5. Fear of communism

Pre-WW1 conditions that supported dictatorship rises

1. Industrial Revolution - new tech + communication

   1. Emergence of mass education

   2. Emergence of technology

   3. Mass society + culture

2. Increasing Nationalism (gives people a reason to support - to improve their beloved nation)

Impact of WW1 on conditions that supported dictatorships

HUGE IMPACT - exposes the harshness and horrible conditions that no one wants to relive - therefore a new leader with strong promises wouldn’t let it happen and minimise tensions as power is centralised and confined to one dicator

1. Brutality of war

2. Govt Propoganda

3. Total war = horrible conditions - all resources to war efforts

Post 1919 impact on conditions that allowed dictators to rise

1. Growing racism (due to social Darwinism)

2. Economic issues - Great Depression, total war = resources send on war, loss of (soldiers) working class men (essential to workforce)

3. Reactions to modernity (people want traditional and conservative life - dictators play into this)

4. Unstable governments

5. Failure of LoN

Impact of peace treaties

1. Vengeful nations - need a strong and passionate leader to get revenge and justice

2. Resentment of minorities (someone to blame - scapegoat)

3. Treaty arrangements that prompted the re-emergence of military

Features of Japan dictaroship

1. Military regime

2. Anti-democratic govt (wanted Asia pacific domination)

3. Prepare Japan for total war

4. Gradual growth of power

5. Justified control by using international + national crisisis and examples

6. Humiliation from ww1

7. Widespread and long term attempts as cultural revolutions

Features of Russia dictaroship

1. Based on communist ideology

2. Less nationalistic then others

3. 2 revolution in 1917 = Feb ended empire, Provisional gov came to power

4. Statins Great Pruge - killing of politcal opponents

   1. Feature is on violence + oppression fo opponents

5. Building Stalin image and deification

6. Cencorship (media, arts Restrictions

7. Totalitarian

Features of Italy dictaroship

1. Authoritarian

2. Mussolini propangad to seem strong (cult of personality)

3. Economic - corporatism - presented as a ‘third way’

4. Territorial expansion

5. Demand fir territorial expansion

6. Hated communists