CARDIOLOGY & RESUSCITATION

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Condition when the heart fails as a pump, potentially causing life-threatening pulmonary edema.

Fill in the Blank - CHF Explanation

CHF is when the heart fails as a pump, __________ can be life-threatening.

Congestive Heart Failure Risk Factors

Smoking, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol.

Signs & Symptoms of CHF

Rales bilaterally, JVD, pink sputum with cough, hypertension.

Treatment for CHF

(1) Oxygen, (2) 12-Lead EKG, (3) CPAP 10 cm H20 (5-10 cm H20).

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

Condition caused by blockage of a coronary artery, leading to no blood flow to the heart muscle.

Myocardial Infarction Risk Factors

Smokers, diabetes, age 50+, hypertension, high cholesterol.

Signs & Symptoms of MI

Crushing chest pain, pain radiating to left arm/shoulder/jaw, nausea/vomiting, weakness/malaise, back pain.

Treatment for MI

(1) Oxygen, goal 94% or higher, (2) Aspirin 324.

Stroke

Condition caused by blockage or hemorrhage of a cerebral artery supplying blood to the brain.

Stroke Risk Factors

Smoking, diabetes, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, previous stroke/clot.

Signs & Symptoms of Stroke

Changes in balance, vision blurred/nystagmus, facial droop, arm drift, speech difficulties, last seen normal time 3-4.5 hrs TPA.

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Condition involving tear or rupture of the Aorta.

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Risk Factors

Cardiac risk factors: SAD-CHF, men aged 60-70 years.

Signs & Symptoms of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Unexplained hypotension, pale skin, abdominal pain, syncope, bradycardia.

Treatment for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Oxygen, IV fluids, rapid transport (ALS).

Cardiogenic Shock

Condition where the heart is severely damaged, unable to pump blood effectively, often due to myocardial infarction or CHF exacerbation.

Cardiogenic Shock Risk Factors

Recent cardiac disease/event, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, history of myocardial infarctions.

Signs & Symptoms of Cardiogenic Shock

Chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, lightheadedness, altered mental status.

Treatment for Cardiogenic Shock

BLS: Oxygen to maintain SPO2 at least 94%, keep patient warm, position of comfort. ALS: Consider CPAP, perform 12-Lead EKG, IV access, fluid bolus, vasopressors.