AP Human Geography Unit 1.5 Vocab

Primary sector

Extraction of raw materials and natural resources from the Earth's surface

Secondary sector

Processing and manufacturing raw materials into a finished product

Tertiary sector

Processing and manufacturing raw materials into a finished product requires no education/training

Quaternary sector

Knowledge based sector, focusing on research and info. creation and transfer.

Quinary sector

Highest levels of decision making, includes top officials in government and business.

GDP( Gross Domestic Product )

Total value of officially recorded goods and services by the citizens and corporations with a country’s border in a given year.

GNP( Gross National Product)

Total value of goods and services by the citizens and corporations of a country as well as foreign investments in a given year.

GNI(Gross National Income)

Most accurate measure of wealth, because it accounts for the impacts of trade.

Formal eco sector

• Regulated and/or taxed by the gov.

• Included in GDP and GNI

• Typical professions

Informal eco sector

• Mostly illegal products that are sold and/or NOT regulated by the government

• Drugs, Black MArket goods, babysitting,”under the table work” like landscaping or house cleaning.

Gini Coefficient

Measures the distribution of income within a population.

Fossil fuels

non-renewable energy sources formed from the decayed remains of prehistoric plants and animals that have been buried in the Earth's crust for millions of years

Renewable energy

energy sources that are naturally replenished on a human timescale

Per capita

by the head/ per person

TFR(Total Fertility Rate)

Calculation of avg. number of children per woman

IMR(Infant Mortality Rate)

Calculation of the avg. number of children under the age of one that die.

Life expectance

Avg. number of years a person is expected to live based on mortality rates when they were born

Literacy rate

How much of the population in a country knows how to read and write.

HDI( Human Development Index)

• score between 0-1

• Lower the Score the less developed

• Combo of different indications makes HDI more accurate measure of development then other measures

• Combines social and economic

GII( Gender Inequality Index)

• Score between 0 and 1

• High value- high Inequality and vise versa

• another combo

• Combines social and economic and political indicatiors

MDC

More developed Country

LDC

Less developed Country

NIC

Newly Industrialized Country

Rostow's stages of econ. growth

five-stage path to development, from a traditional economy to a modern, consumer-oriented one.

Brandit Line

• spatial analysis of development

• generally, MDCs are in Northern Hemisphere while LDCs are in the southern hemisphere

• Fallen Out due to favor of development of NICs located in the southern hemisphere

Wallerstein's  World Systems

Wallerstein explains the spatial relationships between countries and explains uneven economic development.