VTCT Digestive System

Name the main organs of the elementary canal in order from mouth to anus

The elementary canal runs from the mouth, faring, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus.

What are the four layers of the elementary canal wall?

The four layers are the inner mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer and serous membrane. .

Which structures in the mouth help with mechanical digestion?

The teeth and tongue help with mechanical digestion by biting, cutting, tearing, grinding and moving food around the mouth.

What is mastication?

Mastication means chewing food to break it into smaller pieces and mix it with saliva.

What enzyme is found in saliva and what nutrient does it begin to digest?

Saliva contains saliva amylase, which begins the digestion of starch/carbohydrates.

What is the role of the Foakes and oesophagus in digestion?

The fire helps with swallowing, and the oesophagus moves the bolus from the pharynx to the stomach by peristalsis.

what is peristalsis?

A wavelike contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle that moves food through the elementary canal.

What is chyme?

Semi fluid mixture of partly digested food and gastric juice that leaves the stomach and enters the duodenum.

Which hormones stimulates the stomach to produce gastric juice?

Gastrin stimulates the stomach to produce gastric juice and helps increase stomach movement.

What are the three parts of this small intestine?

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

What structures in this small intestine increase the surface area for absorption?

Villi increase the surface area for absorption in this small intestine.

What are the main parts of the large intestine?

The large intestine includes the carcum, ascending:, transverse:colon , descending colon sigmoid colon, rectum and anus.

What is the role of the sigmoid colon?

The sigmoid colon stores feis temporarily and moved to waste towards the rectum by peristasis

What is bile and where is it produced and stored?

Bio is a digestive secretion that emulsifies fats. It is produced by the liver stored in the gallbladder.

What is pancreatic juice and where is it released?

Pancreatic juice is an alkaline digestive secretion produced by the pancreas and released into the duodenum

Name three enzymes found in pancreatic juice

three pancreatic enzymes are pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipase and trypsin.

Name four enzymes, founding intestinal juice

Four intestinal enzymes include intestinal amylase, intestinal lipase, intestinal peptidases, Maltese, su tase or lactase. ,

What is the difference between absorption and assimilation?

Absorption is the movement of digested nutrients into the blood or lymph. Assimilation is the use of absorbed nutrients by body cells for energy, growth and repair.

How are carbohydrates digested and what are they ultimately broken down into?

Carbohydrates begin digestion in the mouth by saliva amylase and continue in the small intestine; they’re broken down into monosaccharide such as glucose

How are proteins digested and what are they ultimately broken down into?

Proteins begin digestion in the stomach by pepsin and continue in this small intestine by trypsin and peptidases; they are broken down into amino acids.

How are fats digested and what are they ultimately broken down into?

Fats are a modified by bile and digested by lipases; they are broken down into fatty acid and.

Why do vitamins and minerals not need chemical digestion?

Vitamins and minerals are already small enough to be absorbed, so they do not need chemical digestion like carbohydrates, proteins, and facts.

What is the role of fibre in the digestive system?

Fibre is mostly in digestible, as booked to waste, help stimulate peristalsis and supports regular bowel movements.

Where is water mainly absorbed and why is this important?

Water is absorbed through the smaller and large intestine. This is important because it helps maintain hydration and forms faeces.

What is elimination?

Elimination is the removal of in digestible waste from the body as faeces

Name three symptoms that may be linked with constipation

Constipation may involve fewer bowel movements, hard or dry faeces, straining, pain when passing faeces or abdominal discomfort.

What is diarrhoea?

Diarrhoea is frequent passing of loose or watery faeces, sometimes her stomach cramps, nausea, or vomiting.

What is the difference between Crohn’s disease and irritable bowel syndrome?

Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel disease where parts digestive tract become inflamed. Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional bowel disorder linked with symptoms such as diarrhoea, constipation, and bloating, but it does not cause the same inflammatory damage as Crohn’s disease.

Name three conditions that can affect the liver or bile system

Hepatitis A, cirrhosis, jaundice, and gallstones

Choose five digestive pathology and briefly state what each one is

Anorexia nervosa is needing disorder involving restricted food intake; appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix; bulimia certain involves b Bye eating followed by purging; colorectal cancer is cancer of the colon or rectum; haemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels around the anus or rectum; hernia is when internal organ pushes through a weakness in the muscle wall; also is a break in the digestive lining