Multistep Chemical Synthesis Reactions

Alkenes to alkanes

H2, Pt

Alkenes to alcohols

Dilute H2SO4

Alcohols to alkenes

Concentrated H2SO4

Alkenes to Haloalkanes

X2 or HX (X is a halogen)

Haloalkanes to alcohols

NaOH, heat

Alcohols to haloalkanes

HX, heat

Alcohols (2°) to Ketones

[O] (Oxidating agent) (H+/ MnO4- or (H+/ Cr2O72-) eg. KMnO4 or Na2Cr2O7

Sugars to alcohols

Zymase, 30-40°C, Anaerobic, Aqueous

Alcohols to aldehydes

PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate)

Aldehydes to carboxylic acid

[O] (Oxidating agent) (H+/ MnO4- or (H+/ Cr2O72-) eg. KMnO4 or Na2Cr2O7

Alcohols (1°) to carboxylic acids

[O] (Oxidating agent) (H+/ MnO4- or (H+/ Cr2O72-) eg. KMnO4 or Na2Cr2O7

Alcohols to esters

Carboxylic acid, heat, concentrated H2SO4

Esters to carboxylic acids

Alcohol, heat, concentrated H2SO4

Carboxylic acids

Amine, heat