Equilibrium

chemical equilibrium

a state of balance in which the rate of a forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction and the concentrations of products and reactants remain unchanged

forward reaction

The reaction that forms products from reactants.

reverse reaction

The reaction that forms reactants from products.

reversible reaction

a chemical reaction in which the products re-form the original reactants

irreversible reaction

a chemical reaction where products cannot revert back to reactants

Example of a reversible reaction

dissociation of weak acid or Haber process

example of an irreversible reaction

dissociation of a strong acid or formation of a insoluble precipitate

pressure change

changes the equilibrium for gases only

endothermic reaction

A reaction with energy as a reactant

exothermic reaction

a reaction with energy as a product

Concentration

the moles of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume

Le Chalelier's Principle

The equilibrium concentration of reactants and products can be altered by applying stress to the system

Types of stress

changing the temperature, pressure, or the concentration of one of the reactants

equilibrium equation

[products]/[reactants] = Keq