Unit 2

What does the Hopkinson’s Model of European Towns and Cities (1985)

What is the process of The Decline of the Inner City?

• Industrial Change/Decline

• Increasing unemployment

• Decline of Shops and Services

• Decline of Housing and Environment

Process of the aftermath of deindustrialisation

• Deindustrialisation within an area leads to unemployment

• Outward migration of people with higher levels of skill and education occurs as they find work elsewhere

• Remaining population has declined in number. Those that remain suffer high unemployment and have low skill/ education levels and few prospects

• Lower population will lack spending power causes a closer and further decline in local shops and services

• Remaining population suffer social exclusion and Deprivation

What is Deprivation?

the lack of access to fundamental resources, services, and opportunities that are considered necessary for a decent quality of life

What is filtering?

a process by which social groups move from one residential area to another, leading to changes in the social nature of residential areas