Climate Change

How is a joule defined in terms of other units?

watts x seconds (w x s)

What was James Watt's primary contribution?

making the steam engine much more efficient

The human body produces about 100 W of heat energy per time. How much heat energy does the human body emit in an hour? Recall an hour has 3600 seconds

360 kJ

Who discovered that mechanical work gets converted to heat, thereby establishing the law of conservation of energy?

James Joule

If a lightbulb produces 100 J of heat and light energy while on for 10 seconds, how much electrical power does the lightbulb consume?

10 Watts

If a laser delivers 30 W of power to a target over 2 seconds, how much energy does it deliver to the target?

60 Joules

Which of the following was responsible for the industrial revolution?

James Watts, abundant coal, scientific revolution

What is the unit for energy?

Joule

Who is credited with starting the industrial revolution with their invention?

James Watt

What is the unit for power?

Watt

How is a Watt defined in terms of other units?

Joule / second

Which of the following is an example of conduction?

burn hand on a hot pan

Why does a small piece of burning paper float up into the air?

convection

By what process does air that is in contact with the earths surface get heat?

conduction

Which of the following is an example of convection?

hot air balloon rises

When a mass exchanges energy with an adjacent mass by jiggling against it, what do we call this?

conduction

Where does conduction move energy into, out of, or within the earth?

From the surface to the atmosphere

Where does convection move energy into, out of, or within the earth?

within the atmosphere

Which of the following is an example of radiation?

warm hands by the fireplace

By what process does energy from the sun get to earths surface?

Radiation

When a mass exchanges energy with a faraway mass by sending photons to it, what do we call this?

radiation

When energy moves from one place to another because a mass carries that energy there, what do we call this?

convection

Where does radiation move energy into, out of, or within the earth?

from the surface to the atmosphere, from the earth to space, within the atmosphere

Why what process does a blob of hot air move its heat from earth's surface up into the atmosphere?

convection

How many Joules of heat are generated by a heater that outputs 500 W for 10 minutes?

300 kJ

What is appropriate clothing for 280 K?

heavy winter jacket and earmuffs

Which of the following is a typical temperature of the Sun?

6000 K

Which of the following is a typical temperature on Earth?

300 K

Using the minus thirty and halve approximation, what is 110*F in Celcius

40*C

Which of the following countries use Fahrenheit?

United States

Which of the following is a typical temperature of a blowtorch?

2000 K

How far does a person go if they job 1 m/s for 1 hour?

3.6 km

What is appropriate clothing for 300 K?

shorts and t shirt

How long does it take to drive 5 km at 20 km/hour?

0.25 hours

Would most people consider 40 K cold or hot?

cold

What is appropriate clothing for 260 K?

heavy winter jacket and earmuffs

What is special about 0 K?

nothing moves

Which of the following is a typical temperature of an oven?

450 K

Using the minus thirty and halve approximation, what is 50*F in Celsius?

10*C

Using the minus thirty and halve approximation, what is 80*F in Celcius?

25*C

What is 0*C in Kelvin?

273 K

What is 30*C in Kelvin?

303 K

Would most people consider 40*C cold or hot?

hot

Would most people consider 40*F cold or hot?

cold

What is 20*C in Kelvin?

293 K

Which of the three have the longest wavelength?

red

Which is a valid definition of wavelength?

the distance from a peak to an adjacent peak

Which of the three has the shortest wavelength?

ultraviolet

What do we call the radiation emitted by the Sun?

shortwave

What do we call the radiation emitted by a planet?

longwave

Which of the three have the longest wavelength?

infrared

What of the following emits photons?

a chair, the sun, the earth, and a person

-all things emit photons

Using wien's law, what is the peak waveelength of radiation emitted by an object with a temp of 6000 K?

0.5 micron

What's another name for shortwave?

sunlight

-comes from sun so it is shortwave

Using Wein's law, what is the peak wavelength of radiation emitted by an object with a temperature of 100 K?

30 micron

When talking about the wavelengths of radiation from the sun and earth, it is most convenient to use which unit?

micrometer

What is another name for longwave?

infrared

What does micron mean?

A millionth of a meter

Which of the three has the shortest wavelength?

blue

Using Wien's law, what is the peak wavelength of radiation emitted by an object with a temperature of 300 K?

10 microns

Which is not a type of photon?

proton

What is true about all photons?

they travel at the same speed

Which of the following radiates the most power?

an object with Area = 1 m2 and

T = 1000 K

If planet A is the same temp as planet B, but has twice the area, how much more rapidly does planet A lose energy by radiation?

2 times

The power per area emitted by an object, in W/m^2 is equal to

5.67(T/100)^4

Which radiates the most power, a wall with a total area of 2 m^2 and temperature of 310 K, or a chair with a total area of 2 m^2 and temperature of 310 K?

they radiate the same power

If planet A is the same size as planet B, but twice as hot, how much more rapidly does planet A lose energy by radiation?

16 times

What is the approximate power per area emitted by the inside wall of an oven when baking a cake in w/m^2

6 x 4.5^4

Which person did not play a role in discovering the power per area of radiation emitted by an object?

watt

Between a blue star and a red star, which has the highest temperature?

Blue by wein's law

Between a blue berry and a red berry, which has the higher temperature?

cannot tell because their color is scattered light

What is the approximate power per area emitted by a person in W/m^2?

6 x 3^4

How many planets are there in our Solar System?

8

Which of the following is not a gas giant?

Venus

What is albedo?

the fraction of sunlight reflected into space

Which of the following describes the planet Mercury?

smallest planet, closest to the sun, rocky planet, no atmosphere

Which of the following is not a rocky planet?

neptune

If a planet's TSI is 2000 W/m^2 and its albedo is 0.4, how much power per area must the planet radiate?

300 W/m^2

How many rocky planets are there in our Solar System?

4

The temperature of Mercury is most similar to which of the following?

oven

What is the temperature of the sun where it emits light?

6000 K

Using the approximate Stefan-Boltzmann Law, power per area = 6[T/100]^4, what is the temperature of a planet that radiates 6 W/m^2?

100 K

How many gas giants are there in our Solar System

4

If a planet's total solar irradiance, or TSI, is 1000 W/m%2, what is the average incident sunlight per planetary surface area?

250 W/m^2

The Curiosity rover is on which planet?

mars

What happens when we calculate the average temperature of earth the same way that we did for Mercury and Mars?

we get too cold a temperature

What is the average temperature of Earth's surface air?

288 K

If we could somehow double the albedo of Mars, would its temp go up or down?

down

Compared to the Earth, is Mars further from the sun or closer?

farther

Compared the the earth, is mars cold or hot?

cold

What is the most abundant molecule in Earth's atmosphere?

N2

By what process does cyanobacteria release oxygen?

photosynthesis

Pressure decreases as we move downward in a fluid like the ocean or atmosphere

false

At Earth's surface, atmospheric pressure is equivalent to

10 tons per square meter

What is another name for cyanobacteria?

blue-green algae

900 millibars equals

0.9 bar

What caused the great oxygenation event 2.4 billion years ago?

cyanobacteria