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Vikings

Raided coastal villages for treasure and ransom; settled in Danelaw with shops and markets; introduced local governance and law courts.

Normans

William invaded England for the throne; held authority through the feudal system; developed Saxon government into a parliamentary system.

Jews

Invited by William for financial support; expelled in 1290 by Edward I; financed construction projects and introduced kosher practices.

Skilled Europeans

Invited by Henry III post-Hundred Years' War; Italian bankers thrived post-Jewish expulsion; boosted cloth industry and trade hubs.

Huguenots

Fleeing persecution between 1550-1670; generally prospered due to skills; boosted cloth industry and banking.

Palatines

Fleeing famine, war, and poverty in 1709; faced hardships and relied on charities.

Africans

Fleeing Spanish persecution or brought as servants; worked in skilled jobs and integrated into society.

Indians

Came for work in port cities; faced variable treatment based on employment.

Germans and Dutch

Influenced culture and infrastructure; transformed areas like the Fens into fertile farmland.

Irish

Seeking work and fleeing the famine of the 1840s; played a crucial role in building Britain's infrastructure.

Jewish Migration in the 1700s

Fleeing persecution in the Russian Empire; faced discrimination and economic tensions; contributed to civil rights and cultural aspects.

African Migration in the 1700s

Enslaved individuals campaigned for abolition; contributed to the end of the transatlantic slave trade; reduced racial prejudice through cultural contributions.

Asian Migration in the 1700s

Came due to empire expansion and employment opportunities; added cultural diversity through Indian and Chinese restaurants.

German Migration in the 1700s

Came for political freedom and peace; influenced views on societal organization through the Communist Manifesto.

Italian Migration in the 1700s

Came for agricultural prosperity and safety; contributed to economic growth in areas like London.

Community Support

Caribbean migrants in Notting Hill were drawn to the area due to existing friends and family, support from officials at Paddington station, and the desire to live near their community.

Historical Context

The 'Windrush generation' responded to the British government's call to rebuild the country, leading to the establishment of Notting Hill as a hub for Caribbean culture and activism.

Housing Issues

Caribbean migrants in Notting Hill faced challenges such as high rents, discrimination from landlords, lack of repairs, and poor living conditions due to exploitative practices.

Culinary and Market Influence

Caribbean migrants introduced exotic foods, established cafes and restaurants, and influenced the cultural vibrancy of Notting Hill through markets like Portobello Road.

Racial Tensions and Riots

Notting Hill faced racial tensions, highlighted by the 1958 riots and the murder of Kelso Cochrane, leading to the formation of civil rights organizations and community responses.

Activism and Civil Rights

Figures like Claudia Jones and initiatives like the West Indian Gazette advocated for black representation, civil rights, and organized events like the Notting Hill Carnival, promoting activism and pride.

Post-WWII Britain and Social Changes

The impact of WWII, the British Nationality Act of 1948, and economic improvements in the 1950s influenced Caribbean migration to Britain, leading to challenges and progress in post-war society.

Chartism

Movement in the 19th century aimed at working-class representation in Parliament.

European Migration in the 1900s

Movement of Eastern Europeans seeking better-paying jobs after 2004 due to EU membership.

Irish Migration in the 1900s

Continued migration for work opportunities, unaffected by the 1905 Aliens Act and post-independence in 1922.

Asylum Seekers and Refugees in the 1900s

Migration driven by seeking safety from persecution, with some resorting to illegal entry via smugglers.

Indian/Pakistani Migration in the 1900s

Migration prompted by significant violence due to Partition after India's independence in 1947.

Kenyan Indians in the 1900s

Migration to Britain after Kenyan independence, with many choosing British citizenship.

Ugandan Indians in the 1900s

Migration of 27,000 individuals to Britain due to expulsion by Idi Amin.

Warfare-Driven Migration in the 1900s

Migration due to fleeing wars, seeking safety, work opportunities, and government encouragement.

Political and Social Movements (1900s)

Notable movements like the League of Coloured Peoples, Battle of Cable Street, Black Lives Matter, and impacts like the Windrush Scandal and Brexit.

Impact of Migrants on Culture and the Urban Environment in the 1900s

Contributions through urban renovation, economic impact, cultural vibrancy, culinary influence, and broader contributions in politics, sports, and broadcasting.