Pre-Solo Written Exam

What personal documents and endorsements are you required to have before you fly solo?

Student pilot certificate, Class 3 or higher medical Cert, FAR 61.87b pre solo exam endorsement, FAR 61.87c pre-solo flight training endorsement. 61.87N

What are your limitations as a student pilot regarding carrying of passengers or cargo and flying for compensation or hire?

A student may not act as a pilot in command of an aircraft that is carrying property for compensation or hire. NO PASSENGERS

Who has the final authority and responsibility for the operation of the aircraft when you are flying solo?

The pilot in command (ME)

Explain student pilot limitations regarding visibility, ceilings and flight above clouds? (61.89)

May not act as pilot in command of an aircraft with a flight surface visibility less than 3 miles during daylight hours or 5 miles at night, or when flight can not be made with reference to surface.

Discuss what preflight action concerning the airport and aircraft performance is specified in the regulations for a local flight? (91.103)

1.) Weather report and forecasts, (2.) fuel requirements, (3.) Alternatives available if flight cannot be complete, (4.) Flight manual with take off and distance data, (5.) Reliable info including airport elevation, runway slope, aircraft gross weight and wind/temp.

What are the general requirements pertaining to the use of safety belts and shoulder harnesses?(91.107)

The pilot in command must make sure all passengers know how to use seat belts properly. Pilot must use safety belt at all times. Shoulder harness is required only during take off and landings.

What is the minimum fuel reserve for day VFR flight and on what cruise speed is the fuel reserve based?(91.151)

Enough fuel to fly to the first point of intended landing, assuming normal flight speed. Day- at least 30 mins, Night- at least 45 mins

What aircraft certificates and documents must be on board when you are flying solo? (ARROW)

1) Air worthiness cert. (2) Registration (3) Operation handbook (4) Weight and balance info

Discuss the right of way rules regarding overtaking another aircraft, approaching head on and another aircraft converging from the side (91.113)

Overtaking- veer to the right

Approaching head on- each alter course to right

Converging- aircraft to the right has the right of way

Who has the right of way when two aircrafts are on final approach to land at the same time?(91.113)

The airplane at the lower altitude. Don't take advantage of the rule.

Discuss the regulations regarding the consumption of alcohol and operating an aircraft (91.17)

- Within 8 hours after consuming any alcohol

- While having an alcohol concentration of .04 or greater

- While under the influence of alcohol

At and around your home airport, where is an operating mode C transponder required?(91)

- Above the ceiling and within lateral boundaries of class B and C airspace

- Above 10,000 feet

If your aircraft has an operating mode c transponder, when is it required to be turned on?(91)

Within class A, Class B, and class C air space, within 30 miles of class B airport above class B and C airspace, up to 10,000 feet and all airspace above 10,000, and all other controlled airspace

Except when necessary for takeoffs and landings, what are the minimum safe altitudes when flying over congested and other than congested areas?(91.119)

Congested- 1000 feet above highest obstacle within 2000ft

Other than- 500 feet above the surface

List at least three sources for local altimeter setting at an airport and another alternative if none is available? (AIM)

1.) AWOS

2.) METAR- once an hour report in text form

3.) Call flight service station or set altimeter to field elevation prior to take off

When practicing steep turns, stalls and maneuvering during slow flight, the entry altitude must allow a recovery to be complete no lower than how many feet AGL?

1500 FT

When is a go around appropriate?(AFH chp.8)

Bad approach, another aircraft on runway, wind shear, wake turbulence, mechanical failure, and unstabilized approach, or any other time successful landing is on doubt

Discuss the steps in the go around process(Cessna 150 manual)

Wing flap setting should be reduced to 20 immediately after full power is applied. After reaching safe airspeed, flaps should be slowly retracted to full up position

What general steps should you follow after an engine failure in flight?

Pitch for best glide (85 mph), pick best spot you intend to make an emergency landing on, follow checklist for engine restart (check fuel on, mixture full, carb heat on, full throttle, key is on both, master stitch)

During flight, you begin to see a gradual decrease in power. What is a likely cause and what should be done to remedy the situation? (AFH chp. 16)

Cause is probably carb ice build up, to correct this add carb heat until RPM is restored. Also increase power

During engine run up, you cause rocks, debris and propeller blast to be directed toward another aircraft or person. Could this be considered careless or reckless operation of an aircraft? Why or why not?(91.13)

This is reckless and carless, could be prevented by having prop blast go in another direction

What altitudes should you use when operation VFR in level cruising flight at more than 3000 ft AGL and what determines those altitudes? (91.159)

Course of 180-359 even thousands +500

Course of 0-179 odd thousands +500

List the minimum equipment and instruments that must be working properly in your aircraft for day VFR flight.

1.) Airspeed (2.) Altimeter (3.) Compass (4.) tachometer (5.) fuel gauge (6.) Oil temp and pressure (7.)Anti-Collision light (8.) ELT (9.) seat belts

What is the emergency frequency?(TOMATO/FLAMES)

121.50

Vso

44.7 mph (38 kias)

Stall speed with flaps.

Vs

50.6 mph (44 kias)

Stall speed without flaps.

Vx

72.5 mph (63 kias)

Best Angle-of-Climb speed.

Best altitude over distance.

Vfe

118.5 mph (103 kias)

Max flap extended speed.

Vy

86.3 mph (75 kias)

Best Rate-of-Climb speed.

Best altitude over time.

Va

127.7 mph (111 kias)

Maneuvering Speed.

Max speed for full aerodynamic control.

Vne

184 mph (160 kias)

Never exceed speed.

Vno

145 mph (126 kias)

Max cruising speed.

What is the best glide speed?

85 mph (73 kias)

Normal take off

0 degree flap

Normal landing

25 degree flap

Short/soft field take off

25 degree flap

Short/soft field landing

40 degree flap

Describe any limitations on flap use in your training airplane.

Cant fly more than 118mph with the flaps extended and will stall with them at any speed lower than 45 mph

What grade or grades of fuel can be safely used in your aircraft? What are the colors of the recommended fuels? What happens to the color if two grades are mixed?

-Usually 100LL-Blue

-Can use 100(green) or 80(red).

- Blue and red =purple, Blue green=brown, red and green=brown

What are the minimum and maximum oil capacities for your training airplane?

Min: 5 quarts/ Max: 8 quarts

Under what circumstances should you use carb heat?

- Anytime at a low power setting

- When RPMs are lower than 2000

- Anytime suspect reduction in power from carb ice

If during a flight, you experience carb ice and full carb heat is applied, what changes in engine performance would you expect?

When first apply carb heat expect engine to run rougher(lose RPMs) may need to lean mix to correct that, then once ice is melted it will run better(increase RPMS)

Under what circumstances could a spin occur in your training airplane?

Only if airplane is stalled and not properly recovered

Describe the spin recovery procedures for your training aircraft?

Power- Idle

Ailerons- Neutral

Rudder- Full opposite direction

Elevator- Forward, then back to recover from dive

What is the stall speed of your training airplane in a 60 degree bank with flaps up?

78 MPH

What are the traffic patterns for each runway at your home airport? What is the MSL altitude for the traffic pattern?(AIM. sec. 3)

Crosswind, downwind, base leg, and final approach. Start pattern at 1600 MSL. All patterns are left at home

How do you enter and exit the traffic pattern at your airport. What radio communications are required? (AIM. chp. 4 sec. 3)

Enter pattern in level flight, 45 degree on downwind, abeam the midpoint of the runway, at pattern altitude. Radio communication should be on 122.80

Describe how you would approach and enter the traffic pattern at an uncontrolled airport?(AIM. chp. 4 sec. 3)

Approach at 45 degree angle on downwind at pattern altitude

What radio calls are recommended as you approach and fly in the traffic pattern at an uncontrolled airport? (AIM. chp.4 sec. 3)

Make radio call 10 miles out, make call when at 45 degree of downwind, radio call entering each pattern, downwind, base, final approach, clear runway.

What are typical dimensions of class D airspace and what requirements must be met prior to entry? (FAR 91.129)

4nm, ceiling around 2500 AGL, establish and maintain two way communication with ATC prior to entering airspace

What is CTAF? Explain the CTAF procedures at your home airport.

Common traffic advisory frequency. Call 5-10 miles away declaring your plan on entering pattern, call again 1-2 miles out, enter on 45 on downwind. Call your possition as you fly around pattern. CTAF: 122.80

If you receive ATC instructions that you do not understand or feel my compromise safety, what should you do?(FAR. 91.3)

Ask ATC to repeat/ If compromises safety say "unable" or ask for a different clearance- pilot in command has final authority

What is the meaning of each of the following ATC light signals?(IN FLIGHT) Green, flashing green, red, flashing red, white? (FAR 91.125)

Clear to land, return for landing, give way/continue circle, airport unsafe/ don't land, return to starting point

What is the meaning of each of the following ATC light signals?(ON THE GROUND) Green, flashing green, red, flashing red, white? (FAR 91.125)

Clear for takeoff, clear to taxi, STOP, taxi clear of runway, return to starting point

What aircraft equipment and student pilot authorizations are required for a student pilot to fly solo in Class B airspace? (FAR. 61.95)

A.) Student must be trained by an instructor in both ground and flight in class B airspace (B.) Logbook must be endorsed by instructor for airspace (C.) Endorsement specifies ground and flight training in B airspace.

Can a student pilot request a special VFR clearance in less than VFR conditions? Explain your answer. (FAR. 61.89)

No, with flight or surface visibility of less than 3 statute miles during daylight hours or 5 statute miles at night.

A magenta dashed line surrounds certain uncontrolled airports. What does this indicate and what is it significant to VFR pilots? (AIM. 3-1-5)

Class E airspace starts at that Surface prevents me from going out in IFR traffic

How can you tell if a runway is closed?

Marked with an X and also always check NOTAMs and listen to ATIS

List the procedure to respond to an engine fire on

the ground while starting.

Starter: crank engine

Mixture: idle cut-off

Throttle: open

Electric fuel pump: off

Fuel selector: off

Abandon if fire continues

List the procedure for lost communications when arriving at an airport with an operating control tower

squawk 7600, overfly the field (2000) look for traffic, look at the windsock, await light gun signals, no traffic enter mid field downwind

If glider is converging with an airplane, which has the right of way?

The glider because it is less maneuverable