MEDIEVAL ENGLAND GCSE

what did people think were the causes of disease during the medieval period 1250-1500?

1. gods punishment

2. alignment of the planets

3. unbalanced humours

4. miasma

what is leprosy?

a painful skin disease followed by paralysis, death, your toes and fingers would fall of and ulcers were developed.

How did medieval people show understaning of disease with lepers?

they believed that their breath was contagious which shows understanding

what did people believe the balck death was caused by?

bad alignment of planets and stars

what type of cause is the alignment of planets and stars

supernatural

what were the four humours?

1. blood

2. phlegm

3. yellow bile

4. black bile

Who created the theory of the four humours?

Hippocrates

when was the theory of the four humours created?

5th century BCE

what was miasma?

bad air/bad smelling air filled with harmful fumes

How did hippocrates and galen push medicne(corpses)

they wrote about how corpses and rotting matter can transmit disease

what were religious treatments in the medieval period?

1. healing prayers

2. incantations

3. praying for special mass

4. fasting

5. pilgrimages

6. king’s touch

what were the treatments for lepers?

1. lazar houses

how would physicians persecribe treatments astrologically?

phyicians would consult star charts

what were the astrological treatments?

herb gathering, bleeding, purging and praying in time with the alignment of the planets

What were the three different types of blood letting treatment?

1. leeches

2. vein cutting

3. cupping

what was another word for blood letting?

phlebotomy

what were all of the humoural treetments?

1. bloodletting

2. purging

3. herbal remedies/infusions

4. bathing

what dish was made to balance humours?

Blanc manger, made up of chicken and almonds

what was theriaca?

A spice-based herbal mixture of 70 herbs, pushed by galen

what would people use for purging?

1. Clyster

2. enema

what other ingredients would be used in herbal remedies?

1. alovera

2. rose oils

How would the rich get treatment?

Physicians would diagnose their illness then decide their treatment

Who carried out the treatments for physicians?

1. apothecaries

2. barber surgeons

3. educated midwives

why couldn’t physicians treat their patients or cut them?

they swore the Hippocratic Oath

Who was a cheaper way of treatment?

apothecaries

what would apothecaries do?

1. mixed herbal remedies

2. dabbled in alchemy

3. provided amulets to cure disease

What book was on the mixing of herbs?

Materia medica

Who were the least qualified medics during the medieval period?

barber surgeons

what would barber surgeons do?

1. small surgeries

2. bleeding patients

3. pulling teeth

Why was treatment from physicians limited?

most physicians were clergy men and were forbidden from carrying out procedures

how would physicians diagnose their patients?

1. look at sample of faeces, urine and blood

2. consult astrological charts

3. find treatment based on humoural tendencies

what were preventions in medieval england?

1. religious preventions

2. regimen sanitatis

3. purify air

what were the religious preventions?

1. regular prayers

2. offering tithes to the church

what was the regimen sanitatis?

a loose set of rules provided by physicians to live healthily

who created the regimen sanitatis?

Hippocrates

what did medieval people believe about cleanliness?

cleanliness is next to godliness

5 things of the regimen sanitatis?

1. take moderate exercise

2. do not overeat

3. avoid stress

4. bathe regularly

5. breathe clean eastern or northern air

why was overeating looked down upon?

King Edward 1 died of dysentry

how would they purify the air?

1. wear pomanders filled with posies

2. spread sweet herbs like lavender

3. clean towns

4. remove rotting animals

5. clean smelly toilets

How many hospitals were there?

1100

how many beds were there?

up to 100

what was the hospital called?

Bury st Edmonds

would hospitals cater to lepers?

yes

what did hospitals provide?

hospitality to travellers and pilgrims

were patients treated at hospitals?

no, only cared for

What were hospitals for

1. resting

2. recovery

what perecntage of hospitals were owned by the church?

36%

what percenatge of hospitals were run through endowments?

70%

who ran the hospitals?

monks and nuns

Were hospitals successful?

only if the illness was minor

How are hospitals similar to modern?

patients clothes and bed linens were changed regularly

How would ppl be cared for at home?

1. restorative meals prepared

2. mixing of herbal remedies

Did many people prefer home?

yes, lady margret patson and sir john

what were the two main books of medieval times?

1. materia medica

2. circa instans

what was in the materia medica?

guides for herbs and plants

what was in the circa instans

guides for minerals, salts, spells and incantations

How else would physicians diagnose patients?

urine charts, (thickness, smell, taste, colour)

How did hippocrates diagnose illness

He observed his patients symptoms and recorded them

what was the articella

Translated works of galen and hippocrates

why were discoveries limited during medieval times?

most people relied on the church’s teachings and couldn’t read nor write

why did the church support the idea of disease being God’s punishment?

it acted as proof for God’s existance

why was the theory of the 4 humour so popular?

1. there were no other scientific explainations of illness

2. physicians would twist discoveries to fit with the theory

an example of how they were unknowing for remedies during medieval era (fox)?

people suffering of paralysis were advised to boil a fox in water then bathe in the water to gain the quick properties of the fox

How bloodletting was dangerous?

patients died like wiliam le paumer 1278

when did the black death start?

1347

when did the black death reach england?

1348

what was the black death

an outbreak of the bubonic plague

what were symptoms of the black death?

1. chest pain, breathing troubles

2. fever

3. sneezing ,coughing up blood

4. boils and black buboes in groin or armpits filled with pus

What did people think was the cause of the bubonic plague?

1. result of God deserting mankind

2. punishment for sin in the world

3. unusual positioning of planets

4. impure air from poisonous fumes

what was the actual cause of the black death?

bacteria carried in the digestive system of fleas who were carried by rats into merchant ships to England

what were the preventions of the black death?

1. praying to God

2. pilgrimeges

3. offerings

4. self flagellation

5. escaping the plague

6. avoid bathing

7. avoid visiting the infected

How was it shown that physicians were desperate during the bubonic plague?

physicians would tell patients to listen to cheerful music

what were treatments for the black death?

1. confess sins

2. ask God for forgiveness

3. bleeding

4. purging

5. smelling herbs like aloe

6. using theriaca

7. lighting fires and boiling vingear to remove bad air

8. lance buboes

what was the governments actions?

1. quarantine laws

2. cleaned streets

How many did the black death kill?

thousands

was medicine effective during the black death/

no

at its height how many people were buried a day?

200