ochem3

why are greek letters used?

to describe the proximity of each carbon atom to the carbonyl group

Which attack if favored?

carbon

do more enolates form with stronger bases?

true

Which halogen can NOT undergo alpha halogenation

flourine

Why is it difficult to achieve monobromination in basic conditions?

the brominated product is more reactive and rapidly undergoes further bromination

With unsymmetrical ketone what does LDA form?

unstable, low temp, kinetic (slow) product

With unsymmetrical ketone what does NaH form?

stable, room temp, thermodynamic (fast) product

malonic ester synthesis

is a technique that enables the transformation of a halide into a carboxylic acid with the introduction of two new carbon atoms

acetoacetic ester synthesis

is a useful technique that converts an alkyl halide into a methyl ketone with the introduction of three new carbon atoms

aldol additions

a reaction in which two molecules of an aldehyde or ketone react with each other in the presence of base to form a beta-hydroxy carbonyl compound

aldol condensations

when heated in acidic or basic conditions, the product of an aldol addition reaction will undergo elimination to produce unsaturation between the alpha and beta positions

crossed aldol

an adol reaction between two different carbonyl compounds

claisen reaction

a reaction between two molecules of an ester in the presence of base to form a beta-keto ester

why must the alkoxide used be the same alkoxy group present in the starting ester?

in order to avoid transesterification

Why cannot hydroxide be using as the base for claisen reactions?

it cause hydrolysis of the starting ester

What does Grignard reagents tend to attack?

carbonyl group

what does gilman reagents tend to attack?

beta position

michael reactions

a resonance-stabilized carbanion adds to the beta carbon of an alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compound

micheal donor

the nucleophile

micheal acceptor

the alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compound