Official Forestry Terms in PH (1-10)

ADHESIVE

A substance capable of holding materials together by surface attachment

AESTHETIC VALUE

Value of appreciating forest landscapes and amenities that contribute to the art and a person's spiritual, psychological and physical well-being.

AFFORESTATION

Artificial establishment of forest on lands previously not covered with forest vegetation.

AGRARIAN REFORM COMMUNITY

A barangay or a cluster of contiguous barangays with a critical mass of farmers or farm workers wherein the main thrust of agrarian development - land tenure improvement and effective delivery of support services - is being implemented.

AGRICULTURAL LAND

Land devoted to agricultural activity as defined in RA 6657 (Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Law of 1988) and not classified as mineral, forest, residential, commercial, or residential land.

AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

Engaged in the cultivation of soil, planting of crops, growing of fruit trees, raising of livestock, poultry, or fish, including the harvesting and marketing of such farm products, and other farm activities and practices.

AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES MODERNIZATION

The process of transforming agriculture and fisheries into dynamic technologically-advanced and competitive sectors centered on human development, and guided by sound practices of sustainability and principles of social justice.

AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES MODERNIZATION

The process of transforming agriculture and fisheries into dynamic technologically-advanced and competitive sectors centered on human development, and guided by sound practices of sustainability and principles of social justice.

AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONE(ACZ)

A generally uniform climate with respect to the distribution, temperature, radiation and rainfall/evapotranspiration over the year.

AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONE(ACZ)

Also refers to similar rainfall regime.

AGROFOREST

An area that is broadly characterized by combining agricultural crops with forest crops simultaneously or sequentially over time through the application of management practices that are compatible with the logical climate, topography and slope.

AGROFORESTRY

Sustainable management of land, which increases their productivity by properly combining agricultural crops with forest crops simultaneously or sequentially over time through the application of management practices which are compatible with the local climate, topography and slope.

AIR DRIED

Lumber or other forest products dried under ambient atmospheric conditions.

AIR DRIED

A condition of dryness of lumber or other wood products that have been dried by exposure to prevailing atmospheric conditions, outdoors or in unheated shed. Also called sun dried.

AIR SHED

Areas with common weather or meteorological condition and sources of air pollution which affect the interchange and diffusion of pollution in the surrounding atmosphere.

ALIEN SPECIES

Species that have been transported by human activity, intentional or accidental, into a region where it does not naturally occur. Also called introduced, or non-native species.

ALIENABLE AND DISPOSABLE LAND

Land of the public domain, which has been classified declared as such and available for disposition.

ALLOWABLE CUT

Volume of materials, whether of wood or non-wood products, that is authorized to be cut of harvested regularly from forest.

ALMACIGA RESIN

See MANILA COPAL

AMENITY

A non-marketable environmental benefit such as beauty and tranquility.

ANCESTRAL DOMAIN

Area generally belonging to indigenous cultural communities/ indigenous peoples (ICCs/IPs) comprising lands, inland waters, coastal areas occupied or possessed by ICCs/IPs, by themselves or through their ancestors, communally or individually since time immemorial, continuously to the present except when interrupted by war, force majeure, deceit, stealth, as a consequence of government and private individuals/corporations, and which are necessary to ensure their economic, social and cultural welfare.

ANCESTRAL LAND

Land , subject to property rights within the ancestral domain already existing and/or vested upon the effectively of the Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act of 1997, occupied, possessed and utilized by individuals, families, clans, who are members of the ICCs/IPs since time immemorial, by themselves or through their predecessors-in-interest, under a claim of individual or traditional group ownership, continuously to the present except when interrupted by war, force majeure, deceit stealth, or as a consequences of government projects and other voluntary dealings entered into by the government and private individuals/corporations, including, but not limited to, residential lots, rice terraces or paddies, private forests, swidden farms and tree lots.

ANNUAL CROPLAND

Land cultivated with crops with a growing cycle of up to one year, which must be newly sown or planted for further production after harvesting.

ANNUAL LOG REQUIREMENT (ALR)

Volume of log needed to sustain the operation of a wood processing plant at full or attainable capacity for a period of one year.

ANNUAL PLANT

Plant species that completes its life cycle within 12 months from the date of germination.

ANTI-STAIN CHEMICAL

A substance applied to lumber and other wood products in order to prevent chemical and/or fungus stain discoloration.

AQUIFER

A layer of water-bearing rock located underground that transmits water in sufficient quantity to supply pumping wells or natural springs.

ASSISTED NATURAL REGENERATION

The process of rehabilitating denuded forest lands by taking advantage of trees already growing in the area.

ASSISTED NATURAL REGENERATION

This usually involves the following activities: locating and releasing indigenous trees, maintenance, and augmentation planting and protection.

BALAU

Resin obtained from apitong (Dipterocarpus grandiflorus) and panau (D. gracilis)

BAMBOO

Perennial giant grass belonging to the family Poaceae that is either erect of climbing.

BAMBOO

Generally used for weaving, handicraft manufacture, and house construction.

BAMBOO/PALM FORMATION

Forest on which more than 75 percent of crown cover consists of bamboo/palm species.

BARE AREA

Land not covered by (semi-) natural or artificial cover.

BARE AREA

This includes among others, sand dunes, river wash, lahar-laden areas and rocky or stony areas.

BARK

All tissues outside the wood (xylem) cylinder.

BASAL AREA

The sum of the outside bark cross-sectional area at breast height or above buttress as the case may be of all trees in a given area.

BASIN

Synonymous to WATERSHED

BEACH FOREST

A narrow strip of woodland along the sandy and gravelly beaches of the seacoast dominated by Terminalia catappa, Casuarina equisetifolia, Barringtonia asiatica, Soneratia caseolaris, Acacia farnesiana and Erythrina orientalis.

BENTWOOD

Curved wood formed by steaming or boiling the wood and bending it to form.

BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

The variability among living organism from all sources including terrestrial, marine and aquatic ecosystems and ecological complexes of which they are part. This includes diversity within species, between species and ecosystems

BIOLOGICAL PROSPECTING

The research, collection and utilization of biological and genetic resources for purposes of applying knowledge derived solely for commercial purposes. Also known as bioprospecting

BIOLOGICAL RESOURCE

Includes genetic resources, organism or parts thereof, population, or any other biotic component of ecosystem with actual or potential use or value humanity.

BIOMASS

The amount of living matter pressed in terms of weight per unit area or unit volume of water.

BIOMASS

It is total mass of life in an ecosystem any given time. It is an indicator the productivity of the ecosystem.

BIOME

A regional ecosystem with distinct assemblage of vegetation, animals, microbes and physical environment often reflecting a certain climate and soil.

BIOTECHNOLOGY

Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use.

BIOTIC FACTOR

The influence exerted on a habitat by the plant and animal organisms that inhabit an area.

BIOTIC FACTOR

It includes grazing, tramping, manuring, predation, parasitism, migration and territorial behavior patterns of animals.

BIRD'S EYE

Small localized area in wood with the fibers indented and otherwise contorted to form few to many circular or elliptical figures remotely resembling bird's eyes o tangential surface

BLEMISH

In grading lumber, anything marring the appearance of wood.

BLISTER

Bulges on the surface of panel products due to local bond failures.

BLOCKBOARD

Synonymous to PLYBOARD

BOARD FOOT (Bd. Ft.)

A unit of measurement represented by a board 1 inch thick, 12 inches wide (1 foot) long.

BOLE

The stem or trunk of a tree of size sufficient to yield lumber, veneer or poles.

BOLT

A short section of tree trunk or limb; a short log of a length suitable for peeling in a lathe for veneer

BOTANICAL GARDEN

Establishment where a collection of wild flora is maintained for recreational, educational, research, conservation of scientific purposes.

BOULE

A unedged lumber produced from a log, which has been live-sawn without passing through the edger and stickered back into its approximate original form.

BOW

The distortion of a piece of lumber in which there is a deviation in a direction perpendicular to the flat face from straight line from end to end of the piece.

BRASH CENTER

The defective core of a log, characterized by abnormal brittleness, which occurs in certain species of tropical hardwoods.

BRASH CENTER

Also known as brittle heart.

BROADLEAVED FOREST

Forest with predominance (more than 75 percent of tree crown cover) of trees of broadleaved species.

BROWN ROT

Any decay in which the attack concentrates on the cellulose and associated carbohydrates rather that on the lignin, producing a light to dark brown friable residue.

BRUSHLAND

An area characterized by discontinuous cover of shrubby and noon wood vegetation including grasses.

BUFFER ZONE

Identified area outside the boundaries of and immediately adjacent to designated protected areas that needs special development control in order to avoid or minimize harm protected area

BUHO

A bamboo species having an erect and thin-walled culm and used (by paper mills in the manufacture of bleach paper) for sawali making, basketry, fences, musical instruments, etc .

BUILT-UP AREA

Composed of areas of intensive use with much of the land covered by structures.

BUILT-UP AREA

It includes cities, towns, villages, strip developments along highways, transportation, power, and communication, facilities, and areas occupied by mills, shopping centers, etc.

BURI

The largest native palm species found in the Philippines, with trunks attaining a diameter of 1 meter, height of 20 meters, and with large fan-shaped leaves from which buri braids and raffia are made.

BUHO

Scientific name: Schizotachyum lumampao.

BURI

Scientific Name: Corypha elata.

BURI BRAIDS

Interwoven buri leaves, usually bundled in 3 strips, used as raw material for the manufacture of hats, mats, bags, baskets, etc.

BURI RAFFIA

Very fine white fibers produced from stripping the young stalks of unopened buri leaves

BURL

A swirl or twist in the grain of wood that usually occurs near a knot but does not contain a knot.

BY-PRODUCT

Any part taken from wildlife species such as meat, hides, antlers, feathers, leather, fur, internal organs, bones, roots, trunks, barks, petioles, leaf fibers, branches, leaves, stems, flowers, scales, scutes, shells, coral parts, or carapace.

CAMBIUM

The layer of cells that lies between the inner bark and the wood of tree, that repeatedly subdivides to form new wood and bark cells.

CANOPY

A continuous cover of branches and foliage formed collectively by the crowns of adjacent trees consisting of one several layers.

CANT

A log that has been slabbed on one or more sides.

CARBON EMISSION

The release of carbon from a source such as but not limited to living organisms, fossils fuels, and volcanic emissions into the atmosphere over a specified area and period of time.

CARBON OFFSET

The result of any action of any action specifically undertaken to prevent the release of or to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in order to balance emissions taking place elsewhere.

CARBON RESERVOIR

A component of the climate system, other than the atmosphere which has the capacity to store accumulate or release a substance of concern, e.g. carbon, a greenhouse gas or precursor.

CARBON RESERVOIR

Oceans, soils, and forest are examples of this.

CARBON SEQUESTRATION

The process of increasing the carbon content of a carbon reservoir other than the atmosphere.

CARBON SEQUESTRATION

Some biological approaches to sequestration include direct removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through land use change, afforestation, reforestation and practices that enhance soil carbon in agriculture

CARBON SEQUESTRATION

ome physical approaches include separation and disposal of carbon dioxide from flue gases or front processing fossil fuels to produce fractions and long-term storage underground in depleted oil and gas reservoirs, coal seams, and saline aquifers.

CARBON SINK

A pool or reservoir that absorbs or takes up released carbon from another part of the carbon cycle. For example, if the next exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere is toward the atmosphere, the biosphere is the source and the atmosphere is the sink.

CARBON SOURCE

Any process or activity which releases greenhouse gas, aerosol or a precursor of a greenhouse gas into the atmosphere.

CARRYING CAPACITY

The amount of use an area can sustain for recreation, wildlife, etc., without deteriorating its quality and sustainability.

CASEHARDENING

A condition of stress and set in dry lumber characterized by comprehensive stress in the outer layers and tensile stress in the center or core

CATALYST

A substance, usually present in small amounts relative to the reactants, that modifies the rate of chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

CATCHMENT

Synonymous to WATERSHED

CAVE

Any naturally occurring void, cavity, recess or system of interconnected passages beneath the surface of the earth or within a cliff or ledge and which is large enough to permit an individual to enter, whether or not the entrance is located either in private and public land.

CELLULOSE

A carbohydrate that is the principal constituent of wood and forms the structural framework of wood cells.

CERTIFICATE OF STEWARDSHIP

An agreement entered into by and between the government and individuals/families actually occupying or tilling portions of the forestlands covered by community based forest management agreement

CHARCOAL

A product obtained from the destructive distillation and/or thermal degradation of wood.

CHECK

A separation of the wood along the fiber direction that usually extends across the rings of annual growth and commonly resulting from stresses set up in wood during drying.

CHEMICAL STAIN

Synonymous to STAIN

CHIP

A small fragment of wood chopped or broken by cuts by a planer, chipper, mechanical hog, or hammer mill.

CLEARCUTTING

The removal of all timber species on a designated forest stands during one cutting season; usually prescribed for harvesting of plantations.

CLIMATE AMELIORATION

The positive influence of forest on the climate change.