Reviewer

Aspect Display Unit (ADU)

refers to the signals in the ATC section, it is located in the centerof the control panel in the driver's cab and display the commanded sped and actual speed to the driver.

Motor car (M\`)

Vehicle with a power unit and power storage

Security brake

A braking device installed in preparation for a failure in the primary braking system, which are the service and emergency brake

Fixed Signal

It is a signal device that is always installed in a fixed place on the ground and displays a signal, and is classified as a main signal, a subsidiary signal, and a signal appendant

Main Signal

A signal with a certain protection zone

Main signal, Subsidiary signal and signal appendant

2 types of main signal

Home signal

A signal that instructs wether or not the train entering the station can enter

Starting signal

A signal that instructs whether or not a train departing from the station can proceed

Block Signal

A signal that indicates whether or not to enter the blocked section

Caller signal

A signal that instructs a train that is guided to enter the signal even though the home signal indicates a stop sign

Protecting signal

A signal that instructs whether or not enter the inside of the signal for a train to pass through a point requiring special protection

Shunting signal

A signal indicating whether shunting vehicles can enter the signal or not

Main signal, home signal,starting signal, block signal, caller signal, protection signal, shunting signal

Types of main signal

Subsidiary signal

A signal that is installed outside to supplement the recognition distance of the main signal

Distance signal

A signal that is mainly subordinate to the home signal of the non-automobile section and indicates the appearance of the main signal

Passing signal

A signal that is subordinate to the starting isgnal and is usually installed at the bottom of the home signal

Repeating signal

This signal is installed to relay the signal of the main signal and is mainly dependent on the home, starting, and block signals of the automatic section

Route appendant

It is installed to indicate the direction of the main signal

Sub-station (SS)

It receives electricity from KEPCO substations, transform it into the voltage required for electric vehicle and supplies it to the tram lines

Sectioning post (SP)

Install switchgear for division and extension of power supply section

sub-sectioning post (SSP)

Install switchgear to reduce power outages during work or accidents and to extend power supply

Simple catenary stringing method, rigid catenary system, third rail type

Types of catenary wire support system

Simple catenary stringing method

Is is a structure in which the catenary line is installed on the top of the catenary line and the catenary line is tied to the hanger or dropper to absorb the sagging of the catenary line

Rigid catenary system

T-bars made of aluminum ally are supported on the ceiling of the tunnel by anchors, and the catenary is connected and fixed to the lower part by aluminum ear

Third rail type

This method is a method of passively collecting electricity from a collector shoe by installing a separate messenger compartment facility on the outside of two running rails.

Information source, transmission medium, and protocol

Elements frequired for communication network configuration

Information source

Sender and receiver ( the counterpart who communicates or exchanges information)

Transmission medium

An element for transmitting information, which includes wired and wireless media

Protocol

Enables communication with appropriate conversation procedures, understandable formats, and common languages

Half duplex

Bidirectional transmission is possible but both sides cannot transmit simultaneously

Full duplex

Simultaneous bidirectional transmission is possible and the transmission efficiency is higher than that of the half duplex communication method

Frequency

Refers to the number of times an electromagnetic wave vibrates in one second

Period

Refers to the time it takes for one cycle of oscillation to occur

Wavelength

The distance traveled by a wave during one complete cycle of oscillation

Fixed communication, mobile communication, satellite communication

Application of wireless communications

Fixed communication

The transmitter and receiver locations are fixed and use microwave bands

Mobile communication

The transmitter and receiver locations move and use ultra-high frequency and very high frequency

Satellite communication

Transmitter and receiver locations may be fixed or mobile and communication is always done through a satellite.

Slip

Traction force of a train during start-up or acceleration is greater than the adhesive force

Slide

When a train is braking, the braking force is greater than the friction

Traction force, train resistance, braking forces

1st step of Driving dynamics refers to the basic factors involved in the operation of trains such as

Force

Is a factor that changes the state/shape of motion of an object .

Magnitude, direction, point of action

3 components of force

Law of inertia, law of acceleration, law of action and reaction

Newton's law of motion

Joule

Unit of work

Power

Work ration per unit time

High starting torque
Higher rotational force at lower speed
Easy to control at lower speed
If the speed is high, low current at less power consumption
Less load imbalance when operating in parallel
No malfunction even in case of sudden fluctuation in current and voltage during operation

Characteristic of DC series motor

K x (phi) x i

Torque formula

Terminal control

Method of controlling DC series motor's rotation by changing the connection method of the motor to series, series-parallel, parallel or etc.

Resistance control

Method of controlling DC series motor's rotation by subtracting several resistors connected to the motor circuit in stages.

Field current control

Method of controlling DC series motor's rotation by changing the magnetic flux generated by the magnetic pole

Slip

The ratio of rotor speed to the synchronous speed

Gear ratio

Number of gear teeth of large gear / number of gear teeth of small gear

V \= Dn/5310Gr

D - diameter of driving wheel
N - number of rotation of motor
Gr - gear ratio

Formula of locomotive speed

Maximum permissible RPM
Start traction force
Limitation of car clearance

Gear ratio selection

Load loss (variable loss)
No load losses

Types of motor loss

Copper loss (resistive loss)
Stray load loss

Types of load loss (variable loss)

Copper losses

Resistive losses that occur when current flows

Stray load loss

Losses that change irregularly with changes in load, difficult to measure, and are relatively low compared to other loads

No-load losses (fixed loss)

Losses that are constant regardless of load

Iron losses

There are vortex losses caused by the rotation of an electric iron core in a magnetic field and hysteresis losses caused by the supply1 and release of electromagnetic energy to the iron core

mechanical loss

There are friction losses caused by parts

Iron losses
Mechanical loss

Types of no-load losses

Instruction traction force (Ti)
Traction force at Driving wheel rim (Td)
Drawbar tractive effort (Te)

Classification of tractive force

Instruction traction force (Ti)

Traction force caused by the structure and characteristics of the power car and expressed with the output generated by the engine

Tractive force at driving wheel rim (Td)

Is the actual traction force exerted between the wheel and the rail surface

Drawbar tractive effort

Is the effective traction applied to the coupler at the rear of the power car when the power car is operating while towering passenger/freight car

Nominal tractive capacity of locomotive

It is the maximum number of rolling stocks that can be safely towed by a locomotive when each section of the train is operated within a certain number of operating minutes according to the type of operating speed

Starting resistance
Running resistance
Gradient resistance
Curve resistance
Tunnel resistance
Inertia resistance

GRICTS

Types of train resistance

Ruling grade

The gradient that requires the maximum traction force among the upper grades of any operating section is called the gradient that governs the tractive effort of the section

Virtual grade

The change in speed of a train traveling on a graded section is converted to a grade and added algebraically to the actual grade

Starting resistance

The resistance which a train encounters when starting on a straight track

Slip Error

The action designed is correct, but the actions are executed in a differed way than
planned.
• Skipping one or more of actions scheduled
© Performing actions in a wrong order.
3 Exercising run-time error

Lapse error

Oversight of the planed action
2 Forgetting regulations due to memory.

Mistake

The actions have been carried out successfully, but all the plan prepared by the person is inappropriate and it leads to error.
• Incorrectly applying rules suitable for other situations to the current situation
© Applying wrong rules

Human Error Types

Voluntary - Slip, lapse, mistake
Involuntary - violation

Violation

Routine, situational, exceptional, unintentional, optimizing

Prioritization of accident recovery

First: Rescue and protect lives
Second: opening mainline and sec evi
Third: Protect civilians and railroad property

Steps when reportingan emergency

Step 1 Sit awareness and bull
Step 2 preventive measures
Step 3 ext coop req and pass actions
Step 4 stat reports and reporting

Train collision:

An accident in which a train collides or comes into contact with another train (rolling stock) or an obstacle and stops running.

Train derailment

accident in which the wheels of the railroad cars that make up a train leave the track and derail.

Train fire accident

an accident in which a fire breaks out on a train, causing casualties or stopping the train from operating.

Railroad crossing accident:

An accident in which a train or railroad vehicle collides with or contact with motor vehicles, and horses (motor vehicles and horses under Article 2, Paragraph 17 of the Road Traffic Act), a person, or a mechanical device used as a means of transportation at a railroad crossing pursuant to Article 2 of the Railroad Crossing Improvement Promotion Act.

Railway traffic accident:

accident in which a passenger (hereinafter referred to as a person who enters the station premises for the purpose of traveling by railroad or a person who is using a train), the public, or an employee (hereinafter referred to as a person who concludes a contract and performs the duties of a railway operator) is killed or inured due to the operation of a train or railway vehicle without being accompanied by an accident under items 1 through 4 above.

Railway Safety Accident:

accident under each of the following headings that results in the loss of life or damage to property in connection with railway operation and railway facility management without being accompanied by accidents under items 1 through 6 and disasters under item 3.

Railroad fire accidents:

fires that occurred in railroad infrastructures such as stations, machine rooms, or railroad vehicles

Accidents involving damage to railroad infrastructures:

Accidents involving damage to railroad facilities such as bridges, tunnels, tracks, or signaling, electrical, and comm faci

Railway safety casualty accident

accident in which passengers, the public or employees are killed or injured by falling, electric shock or impact in railway faci such as waiting rooms, platforms, and track wthout being accomp by A and B accidents.

Delay op

E Trains \>10 mins
Gen Pass trains \>20 mins
Freight and other t \>40 mins

Deceased

Dies immediately / within 30 days of an acci

Injured

Hospitalized for more than 24 hrs due to acci

Acci Rating Red

Commander : Safety Director ; centralized Res HQ: VP
Size:
- 5 or more fatal
- Suspended for 24 hrs
-expected to cause major social uproar

Rating Orange

Commander: ED of TCO
Size:
-3 or more casualties
-Train Delay : HS - 60 mins or more
Reg Pass T - 120 mins or more
-Social Injustice is expected

Rating: Yellow

Commander: ED of TCO
Size:
-Train Delay: HS - 20 - 6o mins
Reg Pass train - 40-120 mins
-Potential to become media reports

Safety Alerts

Commander: ED of TCO
Size: State of emergency / railroad weather advisory has been issued

Alert

Commander: ED of TCO
Size: Accidents at other railroads and social issues related to railroads

Routine violation

Violation that become routine to an individual or organization

Situational violation

Violations that happen in circumstances where tasks cannot be done in compliance with procedures

Exceptional violation

Violations that occur in the circumstances such as emergencies or equipment failure

Unintentional violtation

Violations that occur when the user is attempting to control work that is impossible to control or doesn't know or understand rules or procedures