Bones

Bone flashcards for Human Movement

What are the 5 main functions of the skeletal system?

support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell production

Describe the human skeleton

the adult human has 206 bones

How is the skeleton divided into two sections?

The axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton

What major bones does the axial skeleton include?

cranium, mandible, vertebrae (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx), ribs, sternum

What major bones does the appendicular skeleton include?

clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges; pelvis (ilium/ischium/pubis), femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

what are the two forms of bone tissue?

Compact (cortical) bone and Spongy (cancellous/trabecular) bone

Differences of compact bone tissue

Desnse, solid outer layer, 80% of bone mass, provides strength and resistance to compression

Differences of spongy bone tissue

porous, contains marrow, lighter, found mainly at ends of long bones and inside flat/irregular bones

What is the structure of a long bone?

Diaphysis, Epiphyses, Metaphysis, Periosteum, Artcular cartilage, Endosteum

What are 6 types of bones

Long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid, sutural

describe a long bone

Longer than wide, acts as levers

give an example of a long bone

Femur, humerous, phalanges

describe a short bone

roughly cube-shaped, offers stability and haslimited movement

give an example of a short bone

carpals, tarsals

describe a flat bone

thin, often curved, gives protection and muscle attachment

give an example of a flat bone

sternum, ribs, cranial bones, scapula

describe a irregular bone

complex in shape

give an example of a irregular bone

vertebrae, some facial bones, pelvis

describe a sesamoid bone

embedded in tendons, reduces friction and protects tendons

give an example of a sesamoid bone

patella

describe a sutural bone

small extra bones in cranial structures

*CHALLENGE* give an example of a sutural bone

asterionic, pterion ossicle (epipteric bone), inca bone

what is 3 categories of joints

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

give an example of a fibrous joint

sutures of the skull, gomphosis of teeth

give an example of a cartilaginous joint

intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis

give an example of a synovial joint

shoulkder, knee, hip, elbow

Difference of ligaments to tendons

connect bone to bone and stabilise joints

Difference of tendons to ligaments

connect muscle to bone and transmit force to movement