Electrolyte Imbalances and Nursing Interventions

A set of flashcards covering major electrolytes, their normal ranges, functions, imbalances, symptoms, causes, and nursing interventions.

Sodium (Na+)

Normal range: 135-145 mEq/L; Major cation of the extracellular fluid, regulates water balance.

Potassium (K+)

Normal range: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L; Important for nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and heart rhythm.

Calcium (Ca2+)

Normal range: 8.4-10.6 mg/dL; Necessary for bone structure, blood coagulation, and normal nerve/muscle activity.

Magnesium (Mg2+)

Normal range: 1.3-2.1 mEq/L; Plays a role in metabolic reactions and is essential for enzyme function.

Phosphate (PO4¯)

Normal range: 3.0-4.5 mg/dL; Essential for ATP formation, bone health, and acid-base balance.

Hyponatremia

Condition with serum sodium <135 mEq/L; Causes CNS and neuromuscular changes.

Hypernatremia

Condition with serum sodium >145 mEq/L; Symptoms include dry mucous membranes and intense thirst.

Hypokalemia

Condition with serum potassium <3.5 mEq/L; Can cause abdominal pain and cardiac dysrhythmias.

Hyperkalemia

Condition with serum potassium >5.0 mEq/L; Can lead to muscle weakness and cardiac disturbances.

Hypocalcemia

Condition with serum calcium <8.4 mg/dL; Signs include muscle spasms and cardiac dysrhythmias.

Hypercalcemia

Condition with serum calcium >10.6 mg/dL; Can cause confusion and renal calculi.

Hypomagnesemia

Condition with serum magnesium <1.3 mEq/L; Causes include cramping and hyperactive reflexes.

Hypermagnesemia

Condition with serum magnesium >2.1 mEq/L; Symptoms may include hypotension and respiratory depression.

Electrolyte Imbalance Symptoms

May include fatigue, confusion, muscle weakness, and changes in cardiac rhythm depending on the electrolyte involved.

Nursing Intervention for Hyponatremia

Restrict water intake as ordered and monitor sodium levels.

Nursing Intervention for Hyperkalemia

Decrease potassium intake and monitor cardiac rhythm.

Nutrition Consideration for Sodium

Foods high in sodium include canned soups, processed meats, and pickles.

Nutrition Consideration for Potassium

Foods high in potassium include bananas, oranges, and potatoes.