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New Immigrants
(1890-1914)
South + East Europeans = Italians, Greeks, Croats, Slovaks, Poles, Russians
Poor & illiterate peasants
Non-protestant
Birds of passage
Men contracted for unskilled factory jobs who returned to their homeland after obtaining enough money
25% of new immigrants
Immigration Restriction & Supporters
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882): ban on new Chinese immigrants
Contract Labor Law (1885): restricted temporary workers to immigrate
Literary tests, medical exams, taxes…
Supported by → labor unions, nativist society, and Social Darwinists
Settlement Houses
Created by well-educated activists to help poor immigrant families (1889)
Taught English + arts (theater)
Supported early childhood education
By 1900, many settlement houses were established in major cities to help impoverished families in tenements
Social Gospel
Preached the importance of applying Christian principles to social problems
Motivated religious people to help the cause of social justice for the poo