Magna carta, trade + trade routes, crusades, extra

When did King Richard the Lionheart die? What happened afterwards?

King Richard died in battle in April 1199 following the crusades. His younger brother, John, then became the new king of England.

Why were people, especially barons, mad at King John?

He led many unsuccessful wars and raised taxes. He was also often rude to people, spent money on wars he never won, and wanted higher taxes than citizens could afford.

How was the magna carta created?

The barons tried to prevent John from doing as he pleased, so they created a set of rules that England’s king would have to follow in order to protect the rights of barons and limit his power.

When and where was the Magna Carta sealed?

it was sealed under oath by King John at Runnymede, on the bank of the River Thames near Windsor, England on June 15 1215.

When did trade start getting less important?

Trade started becoming less important with the creation of currency and the growth of towns (trade centers) that made money from merchants and guilds.

What were guilds for?

To operate as a tradesperson, you had to belong to a guild. Guilds were organizations that were controlled by experts of trade and it set standards for the quality of products, controlled prices, kept out unskilled craftsmen, and eliminated competition. Guilds ran almost all the merchant and trade activity within and between towns.

What did guilds do for their members?

Guilds would look over their members if they got sick or if an accident happened.

Process of getting into a guild?

The process of getting into a guild was long and difficult.

The ranks of guild members

1.) Apprentice-annoying tasks

2.) Journeymen- building under supervision

3.) Master- create items + to be a master must pass a masterpiece

Guild vs union

Guilds created products while union gave services

Pilgrimage

Travel to holy sites to pray…ex. Jerusalem, Vatican

Crusade

Religious wars over the Holy Land that the Muslims were in control of (tried to get back Jerusalem). People believed knights who died on crusades would go straight to heaven (no purgatory). Crusades were not successful overall. They would pillage along the way (rob people).

What did crusades bring back

Knowledge, information, ideas, items/souvenirs, and diseases

Who called the first crusade?

Pope Urban the Second calls the first crusade in 1096