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3 primary nazi aims in relation to workers
volksgemeinschaft - needed self-sacrifice, labour for good of national community
gleichschaltung - greatest challenge for regime, most of working class not voted for NSDAP, supported left wing ideology and favoured trade unions
rearmament - workers would facilitate prep for war, couldn’t suppress or ignore workers
when was the DAF established?
6th may 1933
who was the leader of the DAF?
robert lacey
what was the role of the DAF?
coordinate workers under regime’s ideology
took over role of trade unions to manage and appease workers
membership NOT compulsory
only official body representing workers
main aim: increase production levels to support rearmament
how was the DAF different from a trade union?
represented interests of employers and state, NOT a trade union
workers had no role in bargaining over wages
had own propaganda department
had subsidiary organisations - KDF and SdA
how wide was the reach of the DAF?
large business empire inc. banks, travel associations, housing associations and construction companies
wide-reaching scheme of the volkswagen
how many members did the DAF have by 1939?
1939 - 44,500 paid employees
meaning of KDF
strength through joy
meaning of the SdA
the beauty of labour
main aim of the KDF
organising worker’s leisure time
hoped to be more productive/efficient if workers were happier
boost rearmament to meet targets more easily
remove free time, nazify their lives entirely
key aims of the KDF
indoctrination - remove free time to oppose regime
spirit of social equality - no distribution between wealth or social class
encourage sense of volksgemeinschaft
participation in sport to improve physical and mental health
encourage competition and ambition
provided subsidised holidays
how did the KDF encourage participation in sport?
every youth in employment required to undertake 2 hours of physical education a week at their workplace
when were KDF wardens found in a workplace? how many by 1939?
KDF warden found in every workplace employing more than 20 people
1939: additional 7000 paid employees
what opportunities did the KDF provide to workers?
subsidised holidays at home and abroad
cheap foreign cruises e.g. libya, finland and turkey
sporting areas and competitions
hikes
theatre
cinema visits at reduced prices
classical music concerts at lunchtime in factories
how many members did the DAF have by 1936?
35 million members
KDF membership came automatically with the DAF
how many people attended a KDF cruise?
131,623 people attended a KDF cruise
example of a disparity between KDF propaganda and reality
KDF cruises and holidays were too expensive for most workers
10% of the passengers were working class
nazi officials and civil servants got the best cabins
little mixing between classes despite of Volksgemeinschaft
popularity of the KDF
one of the most popular organisation of the regime
opportunities provided, not able to be experienced by most before 1933
levelled out social, cultural, regional and religious differences → volksgemeinschaft
role/aim of the SdA
department within KDF → improved workplace conditions
hoped better working conditions make workers work harder and be more productive
how many companies improved their facilities by 1938?
by 1938: 34,000 companies
how did the Sda improve workplaces?
better washing facilities
workplace sports
canteens that provided hot, nutritious meals
how did the SdA facilitate changes to a workplace?(point of contention)
workers had to bear most of cost of improvements
workers had to build and decorate facilities in own time for no extra pay
evidence that workers were better off under the nazis
activities provided by KdF
DAF training courses to improve skills
DAF improved material lives of workers e.g. provided banking and housing companies
able to fill leisure time
sense of social equality - largely fitted existing socialist ideology of trade unions
participation in sport to improve mental and physical health
wages rose in most industries 1933-39
evidence workers were worse off under the nazis
opportunities offered by the KdF only available to minority
abolishment of trade unions and associated liberties
no longer able to negotiate or voice grievances
increases in production or efficiency NOT rewarded financially
stagnant/decrease in real wages and living standards
5% fall in food production
no opposing ideologies allowed
workers unable to have private life
harsh punishments for strikes/absenteeism
themes for “workers largely benefitted from nazi rule in the period 1933-39”
economic policies/job creation
DAF
Strength through Joy (KdF)
other policies (lack of freedom of speech, ban on spd, fear of police state)