L7: nazi social policies - workers

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25 Terms

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3 primary nazi aims in relation to workers

  1. volksgemeinschaft - needed self-sacrifice, labour for good of national community

  2. gleichschaltung - greatest challenge for regime, most of working class not voted for NSDAP, supported left wing ideology and favoured trade unions

  3. rearmament - workers would facilitate prep for war, couldn’t suppress or ignore workers

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when was the DAF established?

6th may 1933

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who was the leader of the DAF?

robert lacey

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what was the role of the DAF?

  • coordinate workers under regime’s ideology

  • took over role of trade unions to manage and appease workers

  • membership NOT compulsory

    • only official body representing workers

  • main aim: increase production levels to support rearmament

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how was the DAF different from a trade union?

  • represented interests of employers and state, NOT a trade union

  • workers had no role in bargaining over wages

  • had own propaganda department

  • had subsidiary organisations - KDF and SdA

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how wide was the reach of the DAF?

  • large business empire inc. banks, travel associations, housing associations and construction companies

  • wide-reaching scheme of the volkswagen

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how many members did the DAF have by 1939?

1939 - 44,500 paid employees

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meaning of KDF

strength through joy

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meaning of the SdA

the beauty of labour

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main aim of the KDF

  • organising worker’s leisure time

    • hoped to be more productive/efficient if workers were happier

    • boost rearmament to meet targets more easily

    • remove free time, nazify their lives entirely

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key aims of the KDF

  • indoctrination - remove free time to oppose regime

  • spirit of social equality - no distribution between wealth or social class

  • encourage sense of volksgemeinschaft

  • participation in sport to improve physical and mental health

  • encourage competition and ambition

  • provided subsidised holidays

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how did the KDF encourage participation in sport?

every youth in employment required to undertake 2 hours of physical education a week at their workplace

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when were KDF wardens found in a workplace? how many by 1939?

  • KDF warden found in every workplace employing more than 20 people

  • 1939: additional 7000 paid employees

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what opportunities did the KDF provide to workers?

  • subsidised holidays at home and abroad

  • cheap foreign cruises e.g. libya, finland and turkey

  • sporting areas and competitions

  • hikes

  • theatre

  • cinema visits at reduced prices

  • classical music concerts at lunchtime in factories

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how many members did the DAF have by 1936?

35 million members

  • KDF membership came automatically with the DAF

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how many people attended a KDF cruise?

131,623 people attended a KDF cruise

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example of a disparity between KDF propaganda and reality

  • KDF cruises and holidays were too expensive for most workers

  • 10% of the passengers were working class

  • nazi officials and civil servants got the best cabins

  • little mixing between classes despite of Volksgemeinschaft

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popularity of the KDF

  • one of the most popular organisation of the regime

  • opportunities provided, not able to be experienced by most before 1933

  • levelled out social, cultural, regional and religious differences → volksgemeinschaft

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role/aim of the SdA

  • department within KDF → improved workplace conditions

  • hoped better working conditions make workers work harder and be more productive

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how many companies improved their facilities by 1938?

by 1938: 34,000 companies

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how did the Sda improve workplaces?

  • better washing facilities

  • workplace sports

  • canteens that provided hot, nutritious meals

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how did the SdA facilitate changes to a workplace?(point of contention)

  • workers had to bear most of cost of improvements

  • workers had to build and decorate facilities in own time for no extra pay

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evidence that workers were better off under the nazis

  • activities provided by KdF

  • DAF training courses to improve skills

  • DAF improved material lives of workers e.g. provided banking and housing companies

  • able to fill leisure time

  • sense of social equality - largely fitted existing socialist ideology of trade unions

  • participation in sport to improve mental and physical health

  • wages rose in most industries 1933-39

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evidence workers were worse off under the nazis

  • opportunities offered by the KdF only available to minority

  • abolishment of trade unions and associated liberties

  • no longer able to negotiate or voice grievances

  • increases in production or efficiency NOT rewarded financially

  • stagnant/decrease in real wages and living standards

  • 5% fall in food production

  • no opposing ideologies allowed

  • workers unable to have private life

  • harsh punishments for strikes/absenteeism

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themes for “workers largely benefitted from nazi rule in the period 1933-39”

  • economic policies/job creation

  • DAF

  • Strength through Joy (KdF)

  • other policies (lack of freedom of speech, ban on spd, fear of police state)