foundation anatomy

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63 Terms

1

Anatomy is defined as the __________ and organisation of living organisms.

structure

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2

__________ anatomy refers to structures that can be seen with the naked eye, such as muscles and bones.

Gross

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3

The term '__________' refers to the study of cells.

Cytology

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4

The __________ plane divides the body into left and right portions.

Sagittal

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5

The __________ system includes the heart, blood vessels, and is responsible for pumping blood.

Cardiovascular

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6

The function of the ________ system is to defend against pathogens and remove toxins.

Lymphatic

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7

__________ muscles facilitate movement and are under voluntary control.

Skeletal

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8

__________ refers to body structures that work together to perform specific functions.

Organ system

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9

The __________ system is involved in gas exchange and helps regulate blood pH.

Respiratory

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10

A __________ muscle is a muscle that flexes, such as the flexor carpi.

Flexor

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11

What is physiology?

The study of how living organisms function.

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12

What is homeostasis?

The ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes.

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13

What is an organ?

A group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function.

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14

What is the role of the nervous system?

To coordinate and control body activities through electrical signals.

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15

What is the integumentary system?

The system that includes skin, hair, and nails, protecting the body.

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16

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

To break down food and absorb nutrients.

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17

What is the function of the endocrine system?

To secrete hormones that regulate various body functions.

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18

What are ligaments?

Connective tissues that connect bones to other bones.

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19

What is the role of cartilage?

To provide cushioning and support at joints.

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20

What is an artery?

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.

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21

What is a vein?

A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart.

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22

What is diffusion?

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

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23

What is osmosis?

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

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24

What is cellular respiration?

The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy.

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25

What role do enzymes play in the body?

They act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.

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26

What is the integumentary system composed of?

Skin, hair, nails, and associated glands.

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27

What are the major functions of the liver?

Detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion.

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28

What is the purpose of the immune system?

To protect the body against pathogens and foreign invaders.

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29

What is the function of red blood cells?

To transport oxygen throughout the body.

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30

What does the term 'metabolism' refer to?

The sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body.

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31

What is the role of the kidneys?

To filter blood and produce urine.

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32

What is the main function of muscles?

To facilitate movement of the body.

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33

What is the skeletal system?

The framework of bones that supports and protects the body.

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34

What are the main components of blood?

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.

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35

What is the function of adipose tissue?

To store energy in the form of fat and provide insulation.

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36

What is the role of the pancreas?

To produce digestive enzymes and regulate blood sugar levels.

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37

What is physiology?

The study of the functions and processes of living organisms.

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38

What does homeostasis refer to?

The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment.

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39

What organ is primarily responsible for detoxifying the blood?

The liver.

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40

The __________ is the body's largest organ.

Skin.

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41

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

To transport oxygen throughout the body.

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42

What part of the brain is responsible for regulating heart rate?

The medulla oblongata.

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43

The __________ system is responsible for hormone production.

Endocrine.

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44

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

To facilitate gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide).

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45

What are antibodies?

Proteins produced by the immune system to neutralize pathogens.

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46

The __________ is a muscular organ that aids in digestion.

Stomach.

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47

What type of joint allows for the most movement?

Ball-and-socket joint.

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48

What is the main function of the kidneys?

To filter blood and produce urine.

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49

What is the basic unit of life?

Cell.

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50

The __________ system includes glands that secrete hormones.

Endocrine.

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51

What is the primary role of the skeletal system?

To provide support and protection for the body.

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52

What type of tissue connects muscles to bones?

Tendons.

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53

The __________ is responsible for the movement of food through the digestive tract.

Esophagus.

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54

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

To transmit signals between different parts of the body.

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55

What are the two main types of cells in the nervous system?

Neurons and glial cells.

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56

What is the function of platelets in the blood?

To aid in blood clotting.

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57

The __________ system is responsible for the exchange of nutrients and waste between blood and tissues.

Circulatory.

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58

What is the specialized region of DNA where genes are located called?

Chromosome.

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59

What organ plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels?

Pancreas.

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60

The __________ system is involved in reproductive processes.

Reproductive.

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61

What structure in the respiratory system helps to humidify and filter air?

Nasal cavity.

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62

The __________ is the innermost layer of the heart.

Endocardium.

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63

What is the role of villi in the small intestine?

To increase surface area for absorption of nutrients.

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