macromolecules

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macromolecules/polymers

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18 Terms

1

macromolecules/polymers

large organic molecules

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2

dehydration reaction

bonds 2 monomers with the loss of H2O; the -OH of one monomer bonds to the -H of another monomer, forming H2O, which is then released

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3

hydrolysis

breaks the bonds in a polymer by adding H2O; one -H of the H2O bonds to one monomer and the remaining - OH of the H2O attache to the other monomer

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4

carbohydrates

contain a carbonyl group and hydroxyl groups; the immediate source of human energy, cellular fuel, and building materials

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5

monosaccharides

the monomer of a carbohydrate; glucose being the most common

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6

disaccharides

monosaccharides connected by glycosidic linkage

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7

glycosidic linkage

covalent bonds formed by dehydration synthesis; formed between joins a carbohydrate (sugar) and another carbohydrate

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8

maltose

disaccharide; two glucose joined together

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9

lactose

disaccharide; glucose and galactose joined together

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10

sucrose

most prevalent disaccharide and table sugar; glucose and fructose joined together

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11

starch

storage polysaccharide; composed of only glucose monomers, and found inside a plants plastids

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12

amylose

unbranched strands in starch

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13

amylopectin

branched strands in starch

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14

glycogen

storage polysaccharide; stored in the liver and muscles of organisms, and is more branched than amylopectin

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15

cellulose

structural polysaccharide; found in plant cell walls, and is the beta form of glucose that is joined in strands, but never branched

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16

beta form of glucose

indigestible by the human body, but capable of digestion by certain bacterias and fungi’s

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17

chitin

arthopod exoskeletons; glucose monomers with H appendages

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18

carbohydrate composition

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

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