Bacterial Disease - Gram Negative Bacteria Part 1

gram-negative diplococcus

Neisseria is a...

Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis

What are the two main types of neisseria?

sexually

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is ______________ transmitted

15-29

What ages commonly have Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

Urethritis, cervicitis, disseminated disease, and conjunctivitis

Diseases caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae

systemic complications

Disseminated disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae can cause __________________ from the primary site

Septic arthritis and reactive arthritis

What 2 clinical syndromes are common with disseminated disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

purulent; knee, ankle, and wrist

Septic arthritis is ___________ and affects the...

triad of rash, tenosynovitis, and arthralgia

Reactive arthritis is characterized by a...

direct inoculation

Conjunctivitis from Neisseria gonorrhoeae is transmitted via...

purulent

Typically conjunctivitis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae is ______________ in nature

panophthalmitis

With conjunctivitis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, it rapidly progress to _________________ and can lead to the loss of the eye

Single-dose of ceftriaxone

What is the treatment for Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

Neisseria meningitidis

What is the main cause of bacterial meningitis in children and young adults?

bacterial meningitis and meningococcemia

Neisseria meningitidis can cause...

Life-threatening sepsis

What does meningococcemia cause?

gram negative aerobic diplococcus

Moraxella catarrhalis is a...

Otitis media, bronchitis, sinusitis, laryngitis, and pneumonia

What does Moraxella catarrhalis cause?

gram negative aerobic bacillus

Bordetella pertussis is a...

Humans

What serve as the reservoir for Bordetella pertussis?

Respiratory droplets

How is Bordetella pertussis transmitted?

Pertussis

"Whooping cough" caused by Bordetella pertussis

before age of 2

1/2 of pertussis cases are...

99

There has been a ________% decrease in pertussis but they are rising outbreaks

gram negative facultative anaerobic coccobacilli

Haemophilus is a...

Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus ducreyi

What are two types of Haemophilus?

unencapsulated; encapsulated

There are _______________ and ____________ strains of Haemophilus influenzae

a, b, c, d, e, and f

Recognized types of encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae

Hib infections

Haemophilus influenzae causes...

Bacteremia, pneumonia, epiglottitis, and acute meningitis normally, and rarely cellulitis, osteomyelitis, and infectious arthritis

Common symptoms of Hib infections

Hib conjugate vaccine

What has decreased the incidence of Hib infections?

Unencapsulated

What strain of Haemophilus influenzae are unaffected by the Hib vaccine?

Otitis media, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, and sinusitis (in children)

What do the unencapsulated strains of Haemophilus influenzae cause?

Chancroid

What does Haemophilus ducreyi cause?

STI, painful genital ulcers, lymphadenopathy, and bubo formation

Common symptoms with chancroid

Bubo

Lymphadenopathy that liquefies and becomes fluctant

gram negative aerobic coccobacillus

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a...

facultative anaerobe

Pseudomonas aeruginosa can act as a...

Pyocyanin (blue-green), pyoverdine (yellow-green), and pyorubin (red-brown)

What pigments can Pseudomonas aeruginosa secrete?

soil, water, and skin flora

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is typically found in...

Opportunistic, nosocomial pathogen of immunocompromised individuals

What is the typical description of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Airway, urinary tract, burns, wounds, NEC, other blood infections

What infections are common with a Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Infections of burn injuries and outer ear

What is Pseudomonas aeruginosa the most common cause of?

"hot-tub rash"

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of...

Cystic fibrosis patients

What patients are predisposed to a lung infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

medical devices such as urinary catheters

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common colonizer of...

Antibiotics determined via lab sensitivities

What is the typical treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa?