Genetics Human Biology Lecture 12

A collection of vocabulary flashcards from Genetics Human Biology Lecture 12, covering key concepts and terminology related to genetics.

Law of Segregation

The principle that, during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a trait separate so that each gamete carries only one allele for each inherited characteristic.

Law of Independent Assortment

The principle that the inheritance of one trait does not affect the inheritance of another trait.

Testcross

A genetic cross between a homozygous recessive individual and an individual of unknown genotype that shows the dominant phenotype to determine the genotype of the latter.

Pedigree

A diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors.

Dominant trait

A trait that is expressed in the phenotype even when only one allele is present.

Recessive trait

A trait that is expressed in the phenotype only when two alleles for that trait are present.

Incomplete dominance

A genetic situation in which one allele does not completely dominate another, resulting in a new phenotype.

Multiple alleles

A situation where a gene has more than two possible alleles.

Codominance

A genetic scenario in which both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed, resulting in a phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive.

Pleiotropy

A genetic phenomenon where one gene influences multiple phenotypic traits.

Polygenic inheritance

A mode of inheritance in which multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait.

Genetic linkage

The tendency of genes that are located close to each other on a chromosome to be inherited together.

Sex-linked inheritance

The inheritance of traits that are determined by genes found on the sex chromosomes, often affecting males and females differently.