Chapter 8 - Muscular System

Striations are found in

a. smooth muscle

b. skeletal muscle

c. cardiac muscle

d. both b and c

d

Intercalated disks are found in

a. smooth muscle

b. skeletal muscle

c. cardiac muscle

d. voluntary muscle

c

Another name for smooth muscle is

a. cardiac muscle

b. visceral muscle

c. voluntary muscle

d. skeletal muscle

b

Another name for skeletal muscle is

a. cardiac muscle

b. visceral muscle

c. voluntary muscle

d. involuntary muscle

c

The muscle attachment to the more movable bone is called the

a. origin

b. insertion

c. tendon

d. bursae

b

The muscle attachment to the more stationary bone is called the

a. origin

b. insertion

c. tendon

d. bursae

a

The connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone is called

a. origin

b. insertion

c. tendon

d. bursae

c

A fluid-filled sac that acts as a lubricating structure for muscle movement is a(n)

a. origin

b. insertion

c. tendon

d. bursae

d

If an injury caused damage to the insertion of the biceps brachii muscle (the anterior

muscle of the upper arm), the injury would be nearest

a. the shoulder

b. the middle of the upper arm

c. the elbow

d. none of the above

c

The thin myofilament of the skeletal muscles is made of

a. sarcomere

b. actin

c. myosin

d. Z lines

b

The thick myofilament of the skeletal muscles is made of

a. sarcomere

b. actin

c. myosin

d. Z lines

c

The basic contractile unit of a skeletal muscle is the

a. sarcomere

b. actin

c. myosin

d. Z lines

a

When a muscle contraction occurs

a. the actin gets shorter

b. the myosin gets shorter

c. the Z lines are pulled closer together

d. both a and b

c

According to the sliding filament model, in order for a sarcomere to contract

a. bridges must form between the actin and myosin

b. calcium must be released from the endoplasmic reticulum

c. adenosine triphosphate (ATP) must be broken down for energy

d. all of the above

d

To produce smooth movement at a joint

a. the prime mover and antagonists must contract

b. the antagonist and synergists must contract

c. the prime mover and synergists must contract

d. both a and b above

c

Tonic contractions

a. move a muscle through a full range of motion

b. do not shorten the muscle

c. are important in maintaining posture

d. both b and c above

d

The point of contact between the nerve and the muscle fibers it stimulates is called a

a. motor unit

b. neuromuscular junction

c. motor neuron

d. neurotransmitter

b

A single motor neuron with all the muscle cells it innervates is called a

a. motor unit

b. neuromuscular junction

c. neurotransmitter

d. both b and c above

a

The minimal level of stimulation required to cause a fiber to contract is called

a. a threshold stimulus

b. the all-or-none law

c. twitch contraction

d. tetanic contraction

a

When a muscle fiber is subjected to a stimulus, it contracts completely. This is called

a. threshold stimulus

b. the all-or-none-law

c. twitch contraction

d. tetanic contraction

b

What allows you to lift different weights with the same muscle is the

a. difference in the threshold stimulus

b. number of motor units used by the muscle

c. all-or-none law

d. isometric contraction of the muscle fibers

b

The muscle contracts and shortens and the insertion end moves toward the point of

origin. This sentence describes

a. twitch contractions

b. tetanic contractions

c. isotonic contractions

d. isometric contractions

c

The muscle contracts but does not shorten, even though an increase in muscle tension

does occur. This sentence describes

a. twitch contractions

b. tetanic contractions

c. isotonic contractions

d. isometric contractions

d

Strength training leads to

a. an increased number of myofilaments

b. an increased number of muscle fibers

c. muscle atrophy

d. both a and b above

a

Endurance training leads to

a. an increased number of myofilaments

b. an increased number of muscle fibers

c. an increased number of blood vessels to the muscle

d. muscle atrophy

c

Which of the following muscles is not a muscle of the head and neck?

a. Frontal

b. Masseter

c. Latissimus dorsi

d. Zygomaticus

c

Which of the following muscles is not a muscle that moves the upper extremities?

a. Biceps brachii

b. Triceps brachii

c. Latissimus dorsi

d. Rectus abdominis

d

Which of the following muscles is not a muscle of the trunk?

a. Rectus abdominis

b. Iliopsoas

c. Internal oblique

d. External oblique

b

Which of the following muscles is not a muscle that moves the lower extremities?

a. Sartorius

b. Trapezius

c. Iliopsoas

d. Gracilis

b

The term that refers to ankle and foot movement is

a. supination

b. pronation

c. dorsiflexion

d. both a and b above

c

The movement that is opposite dorsiflexion is

a. supination

b. pronation

c. rotation

d. plantar flexion

d

Movement around a longitudinal axis is

a. supination

b. rotation

c. dorsiflexion

d. pronation

b

Moving a part of the body away from the midline of the body is called

a. adduction

b. abduction

c. rotation

d. pronation

b

Moving a part of the body toward the midline of the body is called

a. adduction

b. abduction

c. rotation

d. pronation

a

The hand position when the body is in anatomical position is

a. dorsiflexion

b. pronation

c. supination

d. plantar flexion

c

The opposite movement of rotation is

a. flexion

b. abduction

c. pronation

d. none of the above

d

A bursae is a saclike structure that is filled with

a. blood

b. synovial fluid

c. blood plasma

d. lymph

b

If a prime mover flexes a joint

a. the synergist will extend the joint

b. the synergist and antagonist will extend the joint

c. the antagonist will extend the joint

d. the antagonist will assist in flexing the joint

c

What part of the body does the pectoralis major move?

a. Head and neck

b. Upper extremities

c. Trunk of the body

d. Lower extremities

b

What part of the body does the external oblique move?

a. Head and neck

b. Upper extremities

c. Trunk of the body

d. Lower extremities

c

What part of the body does the masseter move?

a. Head and neck

b. Upper extremities

c. Trunk of the body

d. Lower extremities

a

What part of the body does the sartorius move?

a. Head and neck

b. Upper extremities

c. Trunk of the body

d. Lower extremities

d

What part of the body does the zygomaticus move?

a. Head and neck

b. Upper extremities

c. Trunk of the body

d. Lower extremities

a

What part of the body does the sternocleidomastoid move?

a. Head and neck

b. Upper extremities

c. Trunk of the body

d. Lower extremities

a

What part of the body does the deltoid move?

a. Head and neck

b. Upper extremities

c. Trunk of the body

d. Lower extremities

b

What part of the body does the biceps femoris move?

a. Head and neck

b. Upper extremities

c. Trunk of the body

d. Lower extremities

d

What part of the body does the rectus abdominis move?

a. Head and neck

b. Upper extremities

c. Trunk of the body

d. Lower extremities

c

What part of the body does the gastrocnemius move?

a. Head and neck

b. Upper extremities

c. Trunk of the body

d. Lower extremities

d

If you weigh 120 pounds, your skeletal muscles weigh about

a. 50 pounds

b. 60 pounds

c. 70 pounds

d. 40 pounds

a

Groups of muscle fibers are called

a. microfilaments

b. fascia

c. fascicles

d. none of the above

c

The loose connective tissue outside the muscle organs that forms a flexible, sticky

"packing material" between the muscles, bone, and skin is called

a. microfilaments

b. fascia

c. fascicles

d. tendons

b

When calcium is released into the sarcomere

a. it attaches to the myosin heads

b. acts as a crossbridge between actin and myosin

c. stimulates an ATP molecule to release energy

d. removes the blocking protein from the actin

d

Tension during muscle lengthening is often called

a. isotonic contractions

b. isometric contractions

c. eccentric contractions

d. antagonist contractions

c

Which of the following systems do not play a role in body movement?

a. Nervous system

b. Respiratory system

c. Circulatory system

d. All of the above systems play a role in body movements

d

This is a quick, jerky response to a stimulus seen in isolated muscles but is not

important in normal muscle activity

a. twitch contraction

b. tetanic contraction

c. isometric contraction

d. isotonic contraction

a

Protein that makes the thin myofilament

actin

Another name for voluntary muscle

skeletal muscle

Type of muscle contraction in which the muscle shortens and the joint moves

isotonic

Point of contact between the nerve ending and the muscle fiber

neuromuscular junction

Attachment point to the bone that moves during muscle contraction

insertion

Another name for visceral muscle

smooth muscle

Protein that makes up the thick myofilament

myosin

Attachment point to the bone that is stationary during contraction

origin

Muscle contraction in which the muscle tenses but does not shorten

isometric

Single motor neuron with all the muscle cells it innervates

motor unit

Rotates and flexes the head and neck

sternocleidomastoid

Closes the jaw

masseter

Extends the head and neck

Trapezius

Raises eyebrows

frontal

Closes eyes

orbicularis oculi

Elevates corners of the mouth and lips

zygomaticus

Draws lips together

orbicularis oris

Extends elbow

triceps brachii

Abducts upper arm

deltoid

Flexes trunk

rectus abdominis

Flexes and helps adduct upper arm

pectoralis major

Extends and helps adduct upper arm

latissimus dorsi

Compresses abdomen

external oblique

Flexes elbow

biceps brachii

Plantar flexes the ankle

Gastrocnemius

Flexes thigh or trunk

iliopsoas

Extends knee

quadriceps group

Flexes knee

hamstring group

Flexes thigh and rotates lower leg

Sartorius

Dorsiflexes the ankle

tibialis anterior

Adducts thigh

adductor group

Extends thigh

gluteus maximus