Criminalistics Book Test 2

T/F: Underlying emotional factors are the primary motives leading to the repeated use of a drug.

True

Drugs such as alcohol, heroin, amphetamines, barbiturates, and cocaine can lead to a (high, low) degree of psychological dependence with repeated use.

High

The development of (psychological, physical) dependence on a drug is shown by withdrawal symptoms such as convulsions when the user stops taking the drug

Physical

T/F : Abuse of barbiturates can lead to physical dependency.

True

T/F : Repeated use of LSD leads to physical dependency.

False

Physical dependency develops only when the drug user adheres to a(n) [blank] schedule of drug intake

Regular

Narcotic drugs are __ that __ the central nervous system.

Painkiller and depress

[blank] is a gummy, milky juice excluded through a cut made in the unripe pod of the opium poppy

Opium

The primary constituent of opium is [blank]

morphine

[blank] is chemical derivative of morphine made by repeating morphine with acetic anhydride

Heroin

A legally manufactured drug that chemically related to heroin and heavily abused is [blank]

Oxycontin

T/F : Methadone is classified as a narcotic drug, even though it is not derived from opium or morphine.

True

Drugs that cause marked alterations in mood, attitude, thought processes, and perceptions are called [blank]

Hallocinogens

[blank] is the sticky resin extracted from the marijuana plant

Hashish

active ingredient in marijuana largely responsible for its hallucinogenic properties is [blank]

THC

T/F : The potency of a marijuana preparation depends on the proportion of the various plant parts in the mixture.

True

The marijuana preparation with the highest THC content is

Liquid hashish

LSD is a chemical derivative of __, a chemical obtained from the ergot fungus that grows on certain grasses and grains.

Lysergic acid

The drug phencyclidine is often manufactured for the illicit-drug market in [blank] laboratories

Clandestine

Alcohol (stimulates, depresses) the central nervous system.

Depresses

[blank] are called "downers" because they depress the central nervous system

Bartbuitiares

Phenobarbital is an example of a (short, long) - terms acting barbituate

long-term

[blank] is a powerful sedative and muscle relaxation that posseses many of the depressant properties barbiturate

Methaqualone

[blank] and [blank] drugs are sued to relive anxiety and tension without inducing sleep

Anti psychotics and Tranquilizers

T/F : Glue sniffing stimulates the central nervous system.

False

[blank] are a group of synthetic drugs that stimulate the central nervous system

Amphetamines

The most severe form of amphetamines abuse stems from its (oral, intravenous) administration

intravenous

An increasing percentage of amphetamines available on the illicit-drug market originate from __ drug laboratories.

Clandestine

[blank] is extracted from the leaf of the coca plant

Cocaine

Traditionally, cocaine is _____ into the nostrils.

snorted

T/F : Cocaine is a powerful central nervous system depressant.

False

The two drugs usually associated with drugs-facilitated sexual assaults are [blank] and [blank]

GHP and Rohypnol

[blank] steroids are designed to promote muscle growth but have harmful side effects

Anabolic

The federal drug-control law is known as

Controlled Substances Act

Federal law established [blank] schedules of classification from the control of dangerous drugs

5

Drugs that have no accepted medical use are placed in schedule [blank]

I

Librium and Valium are listed in schedule [blank]

IV

A(n) [blank] analysis describes the identity of a material, and a(n) [blank] analysis relates to a determination of the quantity of a substance

Qualitative and Quantitative

T/F : Color tests are used to identify drugs conclusively.

False

The [blank] color test reagent turn purple in the presence of heroin

Marquis (THC)

The [blank] color test reagent turn orange in the presence of amphetamines

Marquis

The Duquenois-Levine test is a valuable color test for [blank]

Marijuana

The [blank] test is widely used color test for cocaine

Scott

[blank] test tentatively identify drugs by the size and shape of crystals formed when the drug is mixed with specific reagents

Microcrystalline

A mixture's components can be separated by the technique of [blank]

Chromatography

The time required for a substance to travel through the gas chromatographic column is a useful identifying characteristic known as [blank]

Retention time

A technique that uses a moving liquid phase and a stationary solid phase to separate mixtures is [blank]

Thin-Layer Chromatography

T/F : Thin-layer chromatography yields the positive identification of material.

False

Because most chemical compounds are colorless, the final step of the thin-layer development usually requires that they be _____ by spraying with a chemical reagent.

Developed

t/f color is a usual indication that substances selectively absorb light

False

The study of the absorption of light by chemical substances in known as [blank]

Spectrophotometry

An (ultraviolet, infrared) absorption spectrum provides a unique "fingerprint" of a chemical substance.

Infrared

The gas chromatography, in combination with the [blank], can separate the components of a drug mixture and then unequivocally identify each substance present in the mixture

Mass Spectrometer

The selective absorption of electromagnetic radiation by materials (can, cannot) be used as an aid for identification

can

The pattern if a(n) [blank] absorption spectrum is unique for drug and thus is a specific test for identification

Infrared

The technique of [blank] exposes molecules to a beam of high-energy electrons in order to fragment them

Mass spectromertry

T/F: A mass spectrum is normally considered a specific means for identifying a chemical substance

True

All packages containing drugs must be marked for identification by the police officer before being sent to the laboratory in order to maintain the _____.

Chain of Custody

T/F: Henry's law describes the distribution of volatile chemical compound between its liquid and gas phase

The (higher, lower) the solubility of a gas in a liquid, the greater its tendency to remain dissolved in that liquid

T/F: In order for chromatography to occur, one phase must move continuously in one direction over a stationary phase

A technique that separates mixtures on the basis of their distribution between a stationary liquid phase and a moving gas phase is __________

The distance a spot has traveled up a thin layer plate can be assigned a numerical value known as the ___________value

A major advantage of high-performance liquid chromatography is that the entire process takes place at _______temperature

The amount of radiation a substance will absorb is directly proportional to its concentration as defined by ____________law

The __________ is the instrumental used to measure and record the absorption spectrum of a chemical substance

The function of the ______________ is to select a single frequency of light emanating from the spectrophotomerter's source

Gene

The fundamental unit of heredity is the ______

DNA

Each gene is actually composed of _______ specifically designed to carry out a single body function.

Polymer

A(n)______ is a very large molecule made by linking a series of repeating units.

Nucleotide

A(n) ______ is composed of a sugar molecule, a phosphorus-containing group, and a nitrogen-containing molecule called a base.

Nucleotides

DNA is actually a very large molecule made by linking a series of ______ to form a natural polymer.

Four

_______ different bases are associated with the makeup of DNA.

Double helix

Watson and Crick demonstrated that DNA is composed of two strands coiled into the shape of a(n) ________

T; C

The structure of DNA requires the pairing of base A to ___ and base G to ___

A-C-G-T

The base sequence T-G-C-A can be paired with the base sequence ____ in a double helix configuration.

Proteins

The inheritable traits that are controlled by DNA arise out of DNAs ability to direct the production of _____

Proteins

_____ are derived from a combination of up to 20 known amino acids

Three

The productions of an amino acid is controlled by a sequence of ____ bases on the DNA molecule

True

Enzymes known as DNA polymerase assemble new DNA strands into a proper base sequence during replication. (T/F?)

False

DNA can be copied outside a living cell (T/F?)

False

All of the letter sequences in DNA code for the production of proteins (T/F?)

Two

In STR DNA typing, a typical DNA pattern shows (two,three) bands

True

Specimens amenable to DNA typing are blood, semen, body tissues, and hair (T/F?)

STRs

Short DNA segments containing repeating sequences of three to seven bases are ______

False

The longer the DNA strand, the less susceptible it is to degradation (T/F?)

PCR

The short length of STRs allows them to be replicated by _____

Tandem repeats

Used as markers for identification purposes, _______ ______ are locations on the chromosome that contain short sequences that repeat themselves within the DNA molecule and in great abundance throughout the human genome.

CODIS

(CODIS, AFIS) maintains local, state, and national databases of DNA profiles from convicted offenders, unsolved crime-scene evidence, and profiles of missing people.

18

Amazingly, the sensitivity of STR profiling requires only ____ DNA-bearing cells to obtain an STR profile.

Infectious

During evidence collection, all body fluids must be assumed to be _____ and handled with latex-gloved hands.

Multiplexing

The concept of (CODIS, multiplexing) involves simultaneous detection of more than one DNA marker.

Male; female

The amelogenin gene shows two bands for a (male, female) and one band for a (male, female).

Male

Y-STR typing is useful when one is confronted with a DNA mixture containing more than one (male, female) contributor.

Mother

Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the (mother, father).

True

True or False: Mitochondrial DNA is more plentiful in the human cell than is nuclear DNA.

13

The national DNA database in the United States has standardized on________STRs for entry into the database.

False

True or False: Y-STR data is normally entered into the CODIS database collection.

Dry

Small amounts of blood are best submitted to a crime laboratory in a (wet, dry) condition.

False

True or False: Airtight packages make the best containers for blood-containing evidence.