Nail Foundations Chapter 6 - Chemistry & Chemical Safety

What term refers to anything that occupies space; has physical and chemical properties; and exists in a solid, liquid, or gas form?

matter

_____ are substances that cannot be reduced to simpler substances.

elements

What is the basic unit of matter that cannot be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means?

atom

When two or more atoms are joined together chemically, a(n) _____ is created.

molecule

A _____ is a new substance formed by chemically combining two or more atoms of different elements.

compound

When a substance gains oxygen, the substance is _____.

oxidized

Redox is a contraction for _____.

oxidation-reduction

A(n) _____ agent is a substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound.

reducing

A _____ is a combination of substances that are held together by physical rather than chemical ties.

physical mixture

A(n) _____ is a preparation made by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance in another substance.

solution

Because it has the ability to dissolve more substances than any other solvent, _____ is known as the universal solvent.

water

_____ liquids are liquids that mix easily.

miscible

Nail polish containing glitter is an unstable physical mixture of undissolved particles in a liquid, which is known as a(n) _____.

suspension

A(n) _____ is a mixture of two or more substances that are united with the aid of a binder.

emulsion

Substances that act as a bridge to allow oil and water to mix or emulsify are called _____.

surfactants

The tail of a surfactant molecule is _____, meaning oil loving.

lipophilic

According to the _____ principle, it is the dose of a substance that determines whether it will have a poisonous effect on the body.

overexposure

The separating of a substance into ions is known as _____.

ionization

Only products that contain _____ can have a pH.

water

Pure water with a pH of seven is considered to be _____.

neutral

A product with a pH of 8.9 is considered to be _____.

alkaline

When acids and alkalis are mixed together in equal proportions, they _____ each other.

neutralize

_____ include safety information about products compiled by the manufacturer and required by law.

SDSs

Incompatible products are chemicals that _____.

should not be mixed or stored near each other

A _____ substance causes or is believed to cause cancer.

carcinogenic