Political Modernization and Development

Lesson 4

Political Modernization and Political Development

emerged after World War II and the colonial/post-colonial periods.

Political Modernization and Political Development

Transformation of societies through industrialization, technology, and democratization

Modernization

A process of change in all fields: economic, social, political, and cultural.

Modernization

A multifaceted process involving (Huntington, 1968)

⚬ Rationalization of authority

⚬ Differentiation of structures

⚬ Expansion of political participation

Modernization

involves adopting social, economic, and political systems developed in Western Europe and North America. (Eisenstein, 1985)

Application of technology and mechanization

Characteristics of Modernization

Industrialization

Characteristics of Modernization

Urbanization

Characteristics of Modernization

Increase in literacy and education

Characteristics of Modernization

Political participation

Characteristics of Modernization

Development of mass media

Characteristics of Modernization

Social mobility

Characteristics of Modernization

Rise in national income

Characteristics of Modernization

Cultivation of national identity

Characteristics of Modernization

Knowledge economy

Characteristics of Modernization

Colonialism

Introduced infrastructure and Western governance

Elites

Educated citizens advocating reforms.

Revolutionary Leaders

Modernizing through strong regimes

Political Parties

Promote national unity and development goals.

Military

Modernization through control and stability.

Bureaucracy

Implements state programs and modernization projects

Advancement in science and technology

Factors Facilitating Modernization

Industrial revolution and economic growth

Factors Facilitating Modernization

Effective democratic institutions

Factors Facilitating Modernization

Mass education and communication

Factors Facilitating Modernization

Political Development

multidimensional concept involving

⚬ Political stability

⚬ Nation-building

⚬ Political participation

⚬ Administrative and legal development

⚬ Economic progress

Political Development

It includes political unification, welfare, and affluence (prosperity).

State building— institutional capacity

Four Elements of Political Development (Almond & Powell)

Nation building— integration and unity

Four Elements of Political Development (Almond & Powell)

Political Participation— citizen involvement

Four Elements of Political Development (Almond & Powell)

Distribution and Welfare— equitable sharing of resources

Four Elements of Political Development (Almond & Powell)

Equality— universal participation and equal access

Key Features of Political Development (Lucian Pye)

Capacity— efficiency and performance of political systems

Key Features of Political Development (Lucian Pye)

Differentiation— specialization of political roles and institutions

Key Features of Political Development (Lucian Pye)

involve progressive change

Political Modernization & Political Development Similarities

institutional and cultural transformation

Political Modernization & Political Development Similarities

continuous processes

Political Modernization & Political Development Similarities

Political Modernization

value free and open-ended

Political Modernization

structural and institutional change

Political Modernization

narrow

Political Modernization

may include progress or decay

Political Development

value-oriented, goal directed

Political Development

broader socio-economic change

Political Development

broad

Political Development

always implies improvement

Key frameworks in understanding political change

Why does it matter in Political Analysis?

explain how societies transform from traditional systems to modern, democratic, and institutionalized politics

Why does it matter in Political Analysis?

interpret, compare, and predict political behavior and governance trends.

Why does it matter in Political Analysis?